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’s treatment wound down, she met less regularly with her doctor, yet still had to contend with other important people in her life. She fought with her brother, who refused to own up to his drug problem. He accused her of being “uppity,” of “using her new psychological crap as ammunition.” They argued bitterly over the lack of communication within the family. He told her that even after all the “shrinks,” she was still “screwed up.” She fought with her mother, who remained demanding, complaining, and incapable of showing her any love. She contended with her husband, who professed his love but continued to drink heavily and criticize her desire to pursue her education. He refused to help with their son and after a while she suspected his frequent absences were related to an affair with another woman.

Finally, Elizabeth began to recognize that she did not have the power to change others. She utilized SET techniques to try to better understand these family members and maintain protective boundaries for herself, which could shield her from being pulled into further conflicts. She began to accept them for who they were, love them as best she could, and go on with her own life. She recognized the need for new friends and new activities in her life. Elizabeth called this “going home.”

Appendix A

DSM-IV-TR Classifications

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR), was published by the American Psychiatric Association in 2000. This work attempts to evaluate psychiatric illnesses along five axes.

Axis I lists most psychiatric disorders, except personality disorders and mental retardation.

Axis II lists personality disorders and degrees of mental retardation.

Axis III consists of any accompanying general medical conditions.

Axis IV denotes psychosocial and environmental problems that may complicate the diagnosis and treatment.

Axis V reports the clinician’s assessment of the patient’s overall level of functioning on the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) Scale, which evaluates the range of functioning from 0 to 100.

Axis I Diagnoses

(Partial listing with some examples)

Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence

Learning Disorder

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Autism

Tourette’s

Delirium, Dementia, and Amnesic and Other Cognitive Disorders

Substance Intoxication Delirium

Alzheimer’s

Dementia Due to Head Trauma

Substance-Related Disorders

Alcoholism

Cocaine Abuse

Cannabis Abuse

Amphetamine Abuse

Hallucinogen Intoxication

Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

Schizophrenia

Mood Disorders

Major Depressive Disorder

Dysthymic Disorder

Bipolar I Disorder

Bipolar II Disorder

Anxiety Disorders

Panic Disorder

Phobia

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Social Anxiety Disorder

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Somatoform Disorders

Somatization Disorder

Hypochondriasis

Conversion Disorder

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Factitious Disorders

Dissociative Disorders

Dissociative Identity Disorder (Multiple Personality)

Dissociative Amnesia

Dissociative Fugue

Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders

Premature Ejaculation

Vaginismus

Exhibitionism

Pedophilia

Fetishism

Eating Disorders

Anorexia Nervosa

Bulimia Nervosa

Sleep Disorders

Primary Insomnia

Sleepwalking Disorder

Impulse-Control Disorders

Intermittent Explosive Disorder

Kleptomania

Pathological Gambling

Trichotillomania (hair or eyebrow pulling)

Adjustment Disorders

With Depressed Mood

With Anxiety

Axis II Diagnoses of Personality Disorders

(Complete listing)

Cluster A (Odd, Eccentric)

Paranoid Personality Disorder

Schizoid Personality Disorder

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Cluster B (Dramatic, Emotional)

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Borderline Personality Disorder

Histrionic Personality Disorder

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Cluster C (Anxious, Fearful)

Avoidant Personality Disorder

Dependent