In the Land of Invented Languages - Arika Okrent [109]
Michael Silverstein, “Modern Prophets of Language,” University of Chicago, MS, 1993.
On Whorf, see:
John E. Joseph, “The Immediate Sources of the ‘Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis,’” Historiographia Linguistica 23, no. 3 (1996), pp. 365–404.
Penny Lee, The Whorf Theory Complex: A Critical Reconstruction (John Benjamins, 1996).
John Lucy, Language Diversity and Thought: A Reformulation of the Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis (Cambridge University Press, 1992).
Michael Silverstein, “Whorfianism and the Linguistic Imagination of Nationality,” in Regimes of Language: Ideologies, Polities, and Identities, edited by Paul Kroskrity (School of American Research Press, 2000).
For an interesting book about ideas and ownership, see:
Ben Klemens, Math You Can't Use: Patents, Copyright, and Software (Brookings Institution Press, 2006).
Lojban information, including learning materials and grammars, can be found at www.lojban.org.
THE KLINGONS, THE CONLANGERS,
AND THE ART OF LANGUAGE
The study of native Esperanto speakers referred to in the discussion of irregularity is:
Benjamin K. Bergen, “Nativization Processes in L1 Esperanto,” Journal of Child Language 28 (2001), pp. 575–95.
The story of Sebeok's analysis of the nuclear waste problem is in Eco's book. Sebeok's actual report, “Communication Measures to Bridge Ten Millennia” (1984), can be ordered from the National Technical Information Service (www.ntis.gov).
Information about Tolkien comes from:
Humphrey Carpenter, J. R. R. Tolkien: A Biography (Houghton Mifflin,1977).
Descriptions and histories of many conlangs can be found at www.langmaker.com.
APPENDIX A: THE LIST OF LANGUAGES
This list of languages is mostly culled from:
Aleksandr Dulichenko, Mezhdunarodnye vspomogatel'nye iazyki (International Auxiliary Languages) (Valgus, 1990).
This book is at the Library of Congress and a few university libraries.
Dulichenko, in turn, has culled from:
Louis Couturat and Léopold Leau, Histoire de la langue universelle (Hachette, 1903).
At many university libraries.
Ernest Drezen, Historio de la mondolingvo (Ekrelo, 1931).
Very hard to find.
Marcel Monnerot-Dumaine, Précis d'interlinguistique générate et spéciale(Librairie Maloine, 1960).
Held at many university libraries.
Petr Stojan, Bibliografio de internacia lingvo (Universala Esperanto-Asocio, 1929).
Very hard to find.
APPENDIX B: LANGUAGE SAMPLES
The language samples were collected from original works, as well as from Dulichenko and from:
Mario Pei, One Language for the World (Biblo and Tannen, 1958).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The languages captured my interest; the people behind the languages reeled me in. If someone could figure out how to carve this amazing mountain of raw material into a story, I thought, what a great story it would be. I was foolhardy enough to think I was up to the task.
I was certainly not up to it when I began, but I was fortunate enough to have people who knew what they were doing on my side: my uncle Danny, who gave me the straight truth about my feeble early attempts, and my agent, Chuck Verrill, who knew exactly how to turn an idea into a book. Those early attempts benefited greatly from the editing pencils of Michele Mortimer at Darhansoff, Verrill, and Feldman; Allen Freeman and Jean Stipicivic at the American Scholar; and Michelle Wildgen at Tin House.
I owe an enormous debt of gratitude to my editor, Tina Pohl-man, who is both a sharp-eyed professional and a cool chick. I am also lucky to count among my friends Dara Moskowitz and Dennis Cass, fabulous writers who are unnecessarily generous with their time and advice. I thank Cindy Spiegel and Julie Grau for taking me on and Mike Mezzo and Mya Spalter for seeing me through.
I received invaluable feedback and encouragement from Amanda Pollak, Michael Silverstein, and Nicole Juday. And the book would not have been possible without the many people who answered my questions and shared their stories with me: Shirley McNaughton, Ann Running, Paul Marshall, Douglas