Jihad vs. McWorld - Benjamin R. Barber [194]
17. Tony Judt, “The Old New Nationalism,” The New York Review of Books, May 26, 1994, p. 45.
18. Adam Michnik in “‘More Humility, Fewer Illusions’—A Talk Between Adam Michnik and Jurgen Habermas,” The New York Review of Books, March 24, 1994, pp. 24–29.
19. Marshall Berman used Marx’s phrase as the title to a perceptive book about the condition (and pathology) of urban America. See All That Is Solid Melts into Air (New York: Viking Penguin, 1988).
20. “Winter in the F.R.G.,” by the German band Endstufe (Final Stage), translated by Elizabeth A. Jackson for the London magazine Searchlight; reprinted in Stephen Silver, “The Music of Hate,” The New York Times, February 8, 1993, p. A 23.
21. See Silver, “The Music of Hate,” ibid.
22. At least two bands, Stoerkraft and Böse Onkelz (Destructive Force and Evil Uncle) have abandoned the Right: see Stephen Kinzer, “Berlin Journal,” The New York Times, February 2, 1994, p. A 4. See Chapter 11, note 21, below.
23. The new realities nationalism is meant to address are not, however, really very well-suited to it. John Lukacs, for example, sees in nationalism “the main political force in the twentieth century.” John Lukacs, The End of the Twentieth Century and the End of the Modern Age (New York: Ticknor and Fields, 1993), p. 8.
24. Michael Ignatieff, Blood and Belonging: Journeys into the New Nationalism (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux), p. 5.
25. Feudalism had both an imperial and cosmopolitan moment, defined by the Holy Roman Church and the pan-German Empire and at the same time had a local and parochial moment manifested in, for example, France’s prenational provinces such as Burgundy and Provence or England’s prenational counties such as Essex and Dorset.
26. Under the nominal suzerainty of distant emperors, Burgandians, Normans, Ouic northerners and Oc Franconian southerners had gone their parochial ways. Jeanne D’Arc strove to unite them through blood and battle in a “France” created from fratricide. This at least is how modern atavists like George Bernard Shaw tell the story in fictional re-creations like Saint Joan, where the maid of Orleans appears as both a nationalist and a Protestant. In England’s War of the Roses, chronicled dramatically by Shakespeare, from the corpses of feuding Dorsetmen and Lancastermen rose a new nation of Englishmen, whose clannish loyalties were replaced with the elementary obedience of subject to crown.
27. The French historian Renan wrote: “Or, l’essence d’une nation est que tous les individus aient beaucoup de choses en commun et aussi que tous assent oublie des choses.” Cited, Anderson, Imagined Communities, p. 199.
28. The after effects of population dispersals and Russian colonization are dirtying the transition of the Baltic states to independence and democracy today. Responding to Russian colonization under communism, which had left Latvians nearly a minority in their own country and Lithuanians and Estonians with large minority Russian populations, the Baltic countries have today imposed monocultural citizenship laws that amount to a kind of constitutional ethnic cleansing that may force the Russians out.
29. For this reason, I will not try here to reproduce the graphic studies of fratricide and civil war that have been recently offered by Eric Hobsbawm, Michael Ignatieff, Daniel Patrick Moynihan, John Lukacs, William Pfaff, and Walter Connor along with many other fine historians and social scientists. In addition to the titles already given above in the notes, see Walter Connor, Ethnonationalism: The Quest for Understanding (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994) and Pfaff, Wrath of Nations.
Nor do I want to reproduce the kind of detailed everyday pictures of life in the ex-Soviet world and Eastern Europe we have come to expect from discerning journalists like Timothy Garton Ash in his series for The New York Review of Books and Georgie Anne Geyer in her columns for the Washington