Justice_ What's the Right Thing to Do_ - Michael Sandel [133]
25. According to U.S. Department of Labor insurance claims, 1,292 contractors had been killed as of April 2008. Figures quoted in Peter W. Singer, “Outsourcing the Fight,” Forbes, June 5, 2008. On contractor deaths not being counted by the U.S. military, see Steve Fainaru, “Soldier of Misfortune: Fighting a Parallel War in Iraq, Private Contractors Are Officially Invisible—Even in Death,” Washington Post, December 1, 2008, p. C1.
26. Evan Thomas and March Hosenball, “The Man Behind Blackwater,” Newsweek, October 22, 2007, p. 36.
27. Prince quoted in Mark Hemingway, “Warriors for Hire: Blackwater USA and the Rise of Private Military Contractors,” The Weekly Standard, December 18, 2006.
28. The billion-dollar figure for Blackwater in Iraq is from Steve Fainaru, Big Boy Rules: America’s Mercenaries Fighting in Iraq (New York: Da Capo, 2008), quoted in Ralph Peters, “Hired Guns,” Washington Post, December 21, 2008.
29. Ginger Thompson and James Risen, “Five Guards Face U.S. Charges in Iraq Deaths,” New York Times, December 6, 2008.
30. Singer, “Can’t Win with ’Em,” p. 7.
31. The facts of the case presented in this and the following paragraphs are drawn from the court opinions: In re Baby M, 217 New Jersey Superior Court, 313 (1987), and Matter of Baby M, Supreme Court of New Jersey, 537 Atlantic Reporter, 2d Series, 1227 (1988).
32. In re Baby M, 217 New Jersey Superior Court, 313 (1987).
33. Ibid., p. 374–75.
34. Ibid., p. 376.
35. Ibid., p. 372.
36. Ibid., p. 388.
37. Matter of Baby M, Supreme Court of New Jersey, 537 Atlantic Reporter, 2d Series, 1227 (1988).
38. Ibid., p. 1248.
39. Ibid.
40. Ibid., p. 1249.
41. Ibid.
42. Ibid., pp. 1248–49.
43. Elizabeth S. Anderson, “Is Women’s Labor a Commodity?” Philosophy and Public Affairs 19 (Winter 1990): 71–92.
44. Ibid., p. 77.
45. Ibid., pp. 80–81.
46. Ibid., p. 82.
47. Susannah Cahalan, “Tug O’ Love Baby M All Grown Up,” New York Post, April 13, 2008.
48. Lorraine Ali and Raina Kelley, “The Curious Lives of Surrogates,” Newsweek, April 7, 2008; Debora L. Spar, The Baby Business (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Business School Press, 2006), pp. 83–84.
49. In Spar, The Baby Business. Spar has since become president of Barnard College.
50. Ibid., p. 79.
51. Ibid.
52. Ibid., p. 80.
53. Ibid., p. 81.
54. Ibid.
55. Sam Dolnick, “World Outsources Pregnancies to India,” Associated Press Online, December 30, 2007.
56. Ibid. See also Amelia Gentleman, “India Nurtures Business of Surrogate Motherhood,” New York Times, March 10, 2008, p. 9.
57. Dolnick, “World Outsources Pregnancies to India.”
58. Ibid.
59. Gentleman, “India Nurtures Business of Surrogate Motherhood.”
60. The woman and her economic situation are reported in Dolnick, “World Outsources Pregnancies to India.”
61. Ibid.
Chapter 5: What Matters Is the Motive / Immanuel Kant
1. See Christine M. Korsgaard, “Introduction,” Immanuel Kant, Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), pp. vii–viii.
2. Immanuel Kant, Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals (1785), translated by H. J. Paton (New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1964), 442. Since readers will use various editions of Kant’s Groundwork, I cite the standard page numbers, drawn from the edition of the Groundwork published by the Royal Prussian Academy in Berlin. Most contemporary editions of the Groundwork use these page references.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid., 394.
5. Ibid., 390.
6. I am indebted to Lucas Stanczyk for this formulation of Kant’s view.
7. Ibid., 397.
8. Hubert B. Herring, “Discounts for Honesty,” New York Times, March 9, 1997.
9. Kant, Groundwork, p. 398.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid.
12. “Misspeller Is a Spelling Bee Hero” (UPI), New York Times, June 9, 1983.
13. Kant, Groundwork, p. 412.
14. Ibid., 395.
15. Kant uses this phrase in an essay he wrote several years after the Groundwork. See Immanuel Kant, “On the Common Saying: ‘This May Be True in Theory,