Justice_ What's the Right Thing to Do_ - Michael Sandel [134]
16. Kant, Groundwork, p. 414.
17. Ibid., 416.
18. Ibid., 425. See also 419–20.
19. Ibid., 421.
20. Ibid., 422.
21. Ibid., 428.
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid., 429.
24. Ibid.
25. Ibid., 433.
26. Ibid., 440.
27. Ibid., 447.
28. Ibid., 452.
29. Ibid.
30. Ibid., 453.
31. Ibid., 454.
32. Ibid., 454.
33. Ibid., 456.
34. Immanuel Kant, “Duties Toward the Body in Respect of Sexual Impulse” (1784–85), translated by Louis Infield and published in Immanuel Kant, Lectures on Ethics (Cambridge, Mass.: Hackettt Publishing, 1981), p. 164. This text is based on lecture notes taken by students who attended Kant’s lectures.
35. Ibid.
36. Ibid., p. 165.
37. Ibid.
38. Ibid., pp. 165–66.
39. Ibid., p. 167.
40. Immanuel Kant, “On a Supposed Right to Lie Because of Philanthropic Concerns” (1799), translated by James W. Ellington and published as a supplement to Immanuel Kant, Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals (Cambridge, Mass.: Hackett Publishing, 1993), p. 64.
41. Ibid., p. 65.
42. Kant quoted in Alasdair MacIntyre, “Truthfulness and Lies: What Can We Learn from Kant?” in Alasdair MacIntyre, Ethics and Politics: Selected Essays, vol. 2 (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2006), p. 123.
43. Ibid.
44. House Judiciary Committee, December 8, 1998. Exchange transcribed from CNN coverage. A partial transcript of the exchange can be found at Click here.
45. Immanuel Kant, “On the Common Saying: ‘This May Be True in Theory, but It Does Not Apply in Practice,’ ” (1793), translated by H. B. Nisbet and published in Hans Reiss ed., Kant’s Political Writings (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970), pp. 73–74.
46. Ibid., p. 79.
47. Ibid.
Chapter 6: The Case for Equality / John Rawls
1. John Locke, Second Treatise of Government (1690), in Peter Laslett, ed., Locke’s Two Treatises of Government, 2d ed. (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1967), sec. 119.
2. John Rawls, A Theory of Justice (Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1971).
3. See the excellent history of contract law, P. S. Atiyah, The Rise and Fall of Freedom of Contract (New York: Oxford University Press, 1979; also Charles Fried, Contract as Promise (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1981).
4. Associated Press, “Bill for Clogged Toilet: $50,000,” Boston Globe, September 13, 1984, p. 20.
5. David Hume, Treatise of Human Nature (1739–40), Book III, part II, sec. 2 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2nd ed., 1978).
6. Ibid., Book III, part III, sec. 5.
7. The story is related in Atiyah, The Rise and Fall of Freedom of Contract, pp. 487–88; Atiyah cites E. C. Mossner, Life of David Hume (Edinburgh: Kelson, 1954), p. 564.
8. Hume quoted in Atiyah, Rise and Fall, p. 487.
9. Steve Lee Myers, “‘Squeegees’ Rank High on Next Police Commissioner’s Priority List,” New York Times, December 4, 1993, pp. 23–24.
10. Rawls, A Theory of Justice, sec. 24.
11. Ibid., sec. 12.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid.
15. Kurt Vonnegut, Jr., “Harrison Bergeron” (1961), in Vonnegut, Welcome to the Monkey House (New York: Dell Publishing, 1998), p. 7.
16. Ibid., pp. 10–11.
17. Rawls, A Theory of Justice, sec. 17.
18. Ibid., sec. 12.
19. Ibid., sec. 48.
20. Ibid.
21. Rawls, A Theory of Justice (2d ed., 1999), sec. 17.
22. Ibid., sec. 48.
23. Woody Allen, Stardust Memories, United Artists, 1980.
24. Milton and Rose Friedman, Free to Choose (New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1980), pp. 136–37.
25. Rawls, A Theory of Justice, sec. 17.
26. Ibid. In the revised edition of A Theory of Justice (1999), Rawls dropped the phrase about sharing one another’s fate.
Chapter 7: Arguing Affirmative Action
1. The facts of Hopwood’s case are presented in Cheryl J. Hopwood v. State of Texas, United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, 78 F.3d 932 (1996), and in Richard Bernstein, “Racial Discrimination or Righting Past Wrongs?,” New York Times,