Life After Death_ A History of the Afterlife in Western Religion - Alan Segal [460]
15. DeConick, Seek to See Him, pp. 32-33.
16. Schiffman, Sectarian Law in Dead Sea Scrolls.
17. On August 30, 2000 The Israeli Supreme Court decided that Hershel Shanks, editor of Biblical Archeological Review, a large-circulation journal that reports important archeological discoveries to the wider public, had violated a copyright in publishing the work of Elisha Qimron without permission. (See the New York Times, August 31, 2000, A:11.) Qimron’s reconstruction was included in Shanks’s Facsimile Edition of the Dead Sea Scrolls, a collection of 1700 photographs of scroll fragments, published in 1991. Other scholars, including Eisenman and Wise, published the remaining texts without permission, including their own commentaries and opinions about their meanings. While most scholars were happy to see the remaining texts, the rushed commentaries of “the scholars in revolt” contained several errors of haste and many immoderate, personal opinions, so that everyone still awaits with anticipation the considered commentary of Elisha Qimron. See also Eisenman, Maccabees, Zadokites, Christians, and Qumran.
18. Puech, La Croyance des esséniens.
19. Ibid., pp. 747, 748, 781, 795; and see 4Q 521.
20. For recent bibliography on the Essenes, see for example Boccaccini, Beyond the Essene Hypothesis; VanderKam, Enoch. See also Elior, The Three Temples.
21. See Nitzan, “Harmonic and Mystical Characteristics;” Elior, The Three Temples; Newsom, Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice; “He Has Established for Himself Priests;” Schaefer, “New Testament and Hekhalot Literature;” “Engel und Menschen in der Hekhalot-Literatur;” Hidden and Manifest God; Schiff-man, “Merkavah Speculation at Qumran;” Schuller, “Hymn from Cave Four Hodayot Manuscript.”
22. See E. Wolfson’s critique of Nitzan in “Mysticism and the Poetic-Liturgical Compositions.”
23. Fletcher-Louis, Luke-Acts, pp. 184-98; All the Glory of Adam. The following paragraphs are heavily indebted to his work. He has been followed in part by Steinberg, “Angelic Israel.” Steinberg advances the argument in several interesting ways. Also see Elior, The Three Temples.
24. See Newsom, Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice.
25. Charlesworth, “Portrayal of the Righteous,” p. 136.
26. Milik, “‘4QVisions d’Amram,’” p. 94.
27. Noll, “Communion of Angels and Men.”
28. M. Smith, “Two Ascended to Heaven;” “Deification in 4QMa;” A. Segal, “The Risen Christ,” p. 308. Subsequently, M. Smith’s interpretation was given support by the readings of Schuller, “Hymn from Cave Four Hodayot Manuscript.”
29. Baumgarten, “Qumran-Essene Restraints on Marriage;” Qimron, “Celibacy in the Dead Sea Scrolls.”
30. See Wimbush, Ascetic Behavior in Greco-Roman Antiquity; Vaage and Wimbush, Asceticism and the New Testament.
31. Edmunds, The Shawnee Prophet.
32. See Wallace, Death and Rebirth of the Seneca.
33. Wallace, “Revitalization Movements.”
34. See Jarvie, The Revolution in Anthropology; Lantennari, Religions of the Oppressed.
35. On the Ghost Dance religion, see Barbar, “Acculturation and Messianic Movements,” for an analysis of its sources and unhappy outcome. Mooney, in his classic report to the Bureau of American Ethnology, “Ghost Dance Religion,” presented the first account of these events. See also, Overholt, “Ghost Dance of 1890.”
36. Wallace, “Revitalization Movements.”
37. For an exception, see Gager, Kingdom and Community.
38. On ancient Judaism and Christianity, see A. Segal Rebecca’s Children, pp. 70-71.
39. The term “deprivation” was first used in connection with messianic movements by the anthropologist Phillip Nash. He borrowed the term from a more general usage by the political scientist Harold Lasswell.
40. Further general statements on the characteristics of leaders and messianic movements are: Tescher, “A Theory of Charismatic Leadership;” Worsley, The Trumpet Shall Sound; Burridge, New Heaven, New Earth; Jarvie, The Revolution in Anthropology; I. Lewis, Religion in Context.
41. S. Cook, Prophecy and Apocalypticism.
42. Ibid., p. 2.
43. Turner, The Ritual Process;