Life After Death_ A History of the Afterlife in Western Religion - Alan Segal [473]
97. Fredriksen, “Beyond the Body/Soul Dichotomy,” p. 250.
98. Pagels, Adam, Eve, and the Serpent, p. 99.
99. See, e.g., Burrus, Chastity As Autonomy.
100. See Cary, Augustine’s Invention of the Inner Self.
101. See Ibid., pp. 112-13 and n. 48. According to Cary (p. 183), the first clear repudiation of the divinity of the soul in On the Quantity of the Soul, §§3 and 77, though this is tacked on to the beginning and the end of the treatise. In On The Morals of the Catholic Church, the fact that Christ is distinct from the soul is integral to the argument.
102. “Quantum sum” is one of the many verbal echoes of Augustine’s On the Quantity of the Soul. See Cary, Augustine’s Invention, p. 186. Passage is quoted, ibid., p. 126.
103. Pagels, The Gnostics Gospels; Adam, Eve, and the Serpent; Gager, “Body Symbols and Social Reality;” E. Clark, “New Perspectives on the Origenist Controversy,” in The Originist Controversey.
104. Bynum, The Resurrection of the Body, p. 109.
105. Ibid., pp. 106-7.
106. Foschini amassed a collection of more than forty interpretations of this verse, which followed scholarship up until 1951 in a series of two review articles for the CBQ. By now there are evidently many more. My thanks to Yorgason for surveying these positions in his term paper “Paul, The Corinthians, and the Rite of Baptism for the Dead.”
107. Perhaps it is as innocent as some of the Corinthian Christians waiting to be baptized until someone knowledgeable enough to perform it arrived. But before that could happen, some of the catechumens had died. This would certainly have occasioned the inquiries which Paul’s letter answers. But it might be something far more interesting, a widespread early practice of baptizing the dead relatives of the new Corinthian Christians.
108. Trumbower, Rescue for the Dead.
109. See also Matt 12:40; Rom 10:7; Acts 2:24-31; Eph 4:8-10; see W. Harris, The Descent of Christ.
110. Trumbower, Rescue for the Dead, p. 165.
111. Ambrose, On Valentinian, 51; Trumbower, Rescue for the Dead, p. 179.
112. Ibid., p. 228.
113. Ibid., p. 229.
114. Ibid., p. 241.
115. Ibid., p. 260.
Chapter 14. The Early Rabbis
1. L. Levine, The Ancient Synagogue.
2. L. Levine, Ancient Synagogues Revealed; The Ancient Synagogue.
3. Montefiore and Loewe, A Rabbinic Anthology, p. 580.
4. See A. Cohen, Everyman’s Talmud; Urbach, The Sages: Their Concepts.
5. See A. Segal, The Other Judaisms, esp. pp. 109-30.
6. See, for example, S. Cohen, Maccabees to the Mishnah; also A. Segal, Rebecca’s Children.
7. Raphael, Jewish Views of the Afterlife; Elbogen, Jewish Liturgy.
8. Halivni, Peshat and Derash.
9. Urbach, The Sages: Their Concepts.
10. Neusner, Judaism: Evidence of the Mishnah; Formative Judaism.
11. Neusner, First-Century Judaism in Crisis; The Rabbinic Traditions; Ancient Israel after Catastrophe; Judaism in the Beginning of Christianity.
12. See Boyarin’s provocative book, Dying for God, that should be read as a speculative theory; also see Stern and Mirsky, Rabbinic Fantasies, esp. “Midrash Elah Ezkerah,” pp. 143-67, “Love in the Afterlife,” pp. 249-63; Steinberg, “Angelic Israel.”
13. This is a major theme of A. Segal, Paul the Convert.
14. The Talmud is comprised of the Mishnah plus a commentary, called the Gemara, from either Babylonia or Palestine. The Palestinian Gemara and the Mishnah forms the Palestinian Talmud, which is shorter and less authoritative than the Babylonian Talmud, the standard compendium on law for classical Rabbinic Judaism. It is a composite document that stretches from the third to the seventh century. Both the Mishnah and the Gemarahs are divided into six orders and, in turn, into sixty-three tractates. The Mishnah is the size of a large desk dictionary. Each of the Talmuds, with its various commentaries as it is printed today, is the size of an ample, multivolume encyclopedia. Today’s Talmud puts the Talmud text in the center, surrounded by even more commentaries endeavoring to reconcile even more contradictions.
15. The asterisk signifies that the passage