Life in a Medieval Village - Frances Gies [91]
4. Homans, English Villagers, pp. 330-331.
5. Raftis, Estates of Ramsey Abbey, p. 77; R. Lennard, Rural England, 1086-1135, a Study of Society and Agrarian Conditions, Oxford, 1959, p. 199.
6. Christopher Dyer, Lords and Peasants in a Changing Society: The Estates of the Bishopric of Worcester, 680-1548, Cambridge, 1980, p. 55; Duby, Rural Economy and Country Life, p. 35.
7. Kosminsky, Studies in Agrarian History, Table 3, p. 100; Cart. Rames., vol. 1, pp. 294, 306.
8. Raftis, Estates of Ramsey Abbey, pp. 68-69.
9. E.M.R., p. 117.
10. Ibid., pp. 193, 299.
11. Ibid., p. 45.
12. Ibid., p. 46.
13. Ellen W. Moore, The Fairs of Medieval England: An Introductory Study, Toronto, 1985.
14. Cart. Rames., vol. 2, p. 342.
15. George Homans, “The Rural Sociology of Medieval England,” Past and Present 4 (1953), p. 39.
16. Ibid., p. 40.
17. Walter of Henley’s Husbandry, Together with an Anonymous Husbandry, Seneschaucie, etc., ed. by E. Lamond, Oxford, 1890, p. 35.
18. Ibid. (Rules of St. Robert), p. 125.
19. Ibid. (Seneschaucie), pp. 88—89; Frances Davenport, The Economic Development of a ‘Norfolk Manor, 1086-2565, Cambridge, 1906, pp. 22-23.
20. Walter of Henley (Seneschaucie), p. 105.
21. E.M.R., p. xviii.
22. E.M.R., p. 173; Davenport, Economic Development of a Norfolk Manor, p. 23.
23. Miller and Hatcher, Medieval England, pp. 192-193.
24. Walter of Henley, p. 11.
25. E.M.R., pp. xxxvii-xxxviii.
26. Ibid., pp. 2, 4, 138, 272, 275, 386.
27. Ibid., pp. 67-68, 140-141, 276-277.
28. Ibid., pp. 13, 67.
29. Ibid., p. 63.
30. Walter of Henley (Seneschaucie), p. 99.
31. Homans, English Villagers, pp. 297-305; Duby, Rural Economy and Country Life, p. 233; Raftis, Estates of Ramsey Abbey, pp. 125-127; Miller and Hatcher, Medieval England, pp. 193-197.
32. Walter of Henley (Seneschaucie), pp. 100-102.
33. E.M.R., pp. 56-85.
34. Ibid., p. 15.
35. Ibid., p. 24.
36. Ibid., p. 68.
37. Raftis, Estates of Ramsey Abbey, p. 95.
38. Nigel Saul, Scenes from Provincial Life, Knightly Families in Sussex, 1280-1400, Oxford, 1987, p. 127.
39. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales, in The Complete Works of Geoffrey Chaucer, ed. by F. N. Robinson, Boston, 1933, p. 25 (lines 593-594).
40. Walter of Henley, pp. 17-18.
41. J. S. Drew, “Manorial Accounts of St. Swithun’s Priory, Winchester,” in E. M. Carus-Wilson, ed., Essays in Economic History, London, 1962, pp. 27-30.
42. Walter of Henley, p. 11.
43. Homans, English Villagers, p. 293.
44. E.M.R., pp. 70, 79, 278, 373.
45. Walter of Henley (Rules of St. Robert), p. 145.
46. Cart. Rames., vol. 3, pp. 168-169, 230-232.
47. Paul Vinogradoff, The Growth of the Manor, London, 1911; Dyer, Lords and Peasants, p. 67.
48. M. M. Postan, “The Famulus: The Estate Labourer in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries,” Economic History Review, supplement no. 2, Cambridge, 1954, p. 3.
49. E.M.R., pp. 16, 173, 218.
50. Ibid., pp. 24, 48, 172-173, 217-218.
51. Postan, “The Famulus,” p. 21; Cart. Rames., vol. 3, pp. 236-241; vol. 1, pp. 319, 330, 340, 351, 363.
52. Postan, “The Famulus,” p. 21.
53. Walter of Henley (Seneschaucie), p. 110; Walter of Henley, pp. 11-13; David L. Farmer, “Prices and Wages,” in H. E. Hallam, ed., The Agrarian History of England and Wales, vol. 2, 1042-1350, Cambridge, 1988, p. 748; Annie Grant, “Animal Resources,” in Astill and Grant, eds., Countryside of Medieval England, p. 174.
54. E.M.R., pp. 25-26; J. A. Raftis, “Farming Techniques (East Midlands),” in The Agrarian History of England and Wales, vol. 2, pp. 336-337.
55. E.M.R., p. 173.
56. Raftis, Estates of Ramsey Abbey, p. 206.
57. E.M.R., pp. lii-liii.
58. Raftis, Estates of Ramsey Abbey, p. 167.
59. Warren O. Ault, Open-Field Farming in Medieval England: A Study of Village By-Laws, London, 1972, p. 31.
60. Farmer, “Prices and Wages,” in The Agrarian History of England and Wales, vol. 2, p. 734.
61. Walter of Henley (Seneschaucie), p. 113.
62. Walter of Henley, p. 25.
63. Robert Trow-Smith, History of British Livestock Husbandry, London, 1957-1959, vol. 1, p. 156.
64. Ibid.,