Life in a Medieval Village - Frances Gies [93]
64. Ibid., p. 234.
65. Ibid., p. 2.
66. Ibid., p. 30.
67. Ibid., p. 46.
68. Ibid., p. 34.
69. Ibid., p. 116.
70. Ibid., p. 120.
71. Ibid., p. 95.
72. Ibid., p. 261.
73. Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie, Montaillou, the Promised Land of Error, trans, by Barbara Bray, New York, 1978.
74. E.M.R., pp. 5-6.
CHAPTER 5. THE VILLAGERS: HOW THEY LIVED
1. Beresford and Hurst, Deserted Medieval Villages, p. 122; Cantor, “Villages and Towns,” in Cantor, ed., The English Medieval Landscape, pp. 173-174; Chapelot and Fossier, Village and House, pp. 204—205; Hurst, “The Changing Medieval Village,” p. 44.
2. R. K. Field, “Worcestershire Peasant Buildings, Household Goods and Farming Equipment in the Later Middle Ages,” Medieval Archaeology 9 (1965), pp. 105-145.
3. E.M.R., p. 115.
4. Ibid., p. 151.
5. Ibid., p. 300.
6. Beresford and Hurst, Deserted Medieval Villages, p. 104; Hilton, A Medieval Society, pp. 96-97; Trow-Smith, British Livestock Husbandry, vol. 1, p. 114.
7. Wood, English Mediaeval House, pp. 300-302; Chapelot and Fossier, Village and House, pp. 284-314; Colvin, English Farmhouse, pp. 21-36.
8. Beresford and Hurst, Deserted Medieval Villages, p. 105.
9. E.M.R., p. 170.
10. Beresford and Hurst, Deserted Medieval Villages, pp. 98, 100; Wood, English Mediaeval House, pp. 257-260.
11. Hali Meidenhod, ed. by O. Cockayne, London, 1922, p. 53.
12. Owst, Literature and Pulpit, pp. 27, 35-36.
13. Barbara Hanawalt, The Ties That Bound: Peasant Families in Medieval England, New York, 1986, pp. 45-49; Hoskins, The Midland Peasant, pp. 295-296; Hilton, A Medieval Society, pp. 100-101; Field, “Worcestershire Peasant Buildings,” pp. 121-123.
14. Wood, Mediaeval English House, pp. 368-374.
15. E.M.R., pp. 12, 62, 78, 133, 209.
16. Duby, Rural Economy and Country Life, p. 65.
17. Miller and Hatcher, Medieval England, p. 164.
18. H. E. Hallam, “The Life of the People,” in Agrarian History of England and Wales, vol. 2, pp. 830, 838.
19. Cecily Howell, Land, Family, and Inheritance in Transition, Cambridge, 1983, pp. 164-165; Grenville Astill, “Fields,” in Astill and Grant, eds., Countryside of Medieval England, p. 118.
20. Kosminsky, Studies in the Agrarian History of England, p. 240.
21. Miller and Hatcher, Medieval England, pp. 147-148; H. S. Bennett, Life on the English Manor, A Study of Peasant Conditions, 1150-1400, Cambridge, 1960 (first pub. in 1937), p. 95; Hallam, “Life of the People,” in The Agrarian History of England and Wales, vol. 2, p. 824; J. Z. Titow, English Rural Society, 1200-1350, London, 1969, p. 79; Howell, Land, Family, and Inheritance, p. 159.
22. Michel Mollat, The Poor in the Middle Ages, an Essay in Social History, trans, by Arthur Goldhammer, New Haven, 1986, pp. 194-195.
23. Anear MacConglinne, “The Vision of Viands,” in The Portable Medieval Reader, ed. by James Bruce Ross and Mary Martin McLaughlin, New York, 1966, pp. 497-499.
24. John Gower, Miroir de I’Omme, II, lines 450-460, in Complete Works of John Gower, ed. by G. C. Macaulay, Oxford, 1899-1902, vol. 1, p. 293.
25. E.M.R., p. 47.
26. William Langland, Piers Plowman’s Crede, ed. by W. W. Skeat, London, 1867, pp. 16-17.
27. John Stow, Survey of London, London, 1603, p. 92, translating William Fitzstephen’s description of twelfth-century London, cited in Bennett, Life on the English Manor, p. 261.
28. Homans, English Villagers, p. 358.
29. Bennett, Life on the English Manor, p. 262.
30. E.M.R., p. 172.
31. Homans, English Villagers, p. 362.
32. Ibid., p. 365.
33. Ibid., pp. 368, 370.
34. E.M.R., p. 69.
35. Homans, English Villagers, p. 372.
36. E.M.R., p. 172.
37. Robert Manning, Handlyng Synne, ed. by Idelle Sullens, Binghamton, New York, 1983, p. 224.
38. Owst, Literature and Pulpit, p. 362.
39. Bedfordshire Coroners’ Rolls, pp. 97-98.
40. Hanawalt, Ties That Bound, pp. 44, 60.
41. Bedfordshire Coroners’ Rolls, pp. 2-3.
42. Ibid., pp. 55-57.
43. Ibid., p. 108.
44. Ibid., p. 51.
45. Ibid., pp. 71-72.
46. Ibid., p. xxiii.
47. Ibid., p. 7.
48. Ibid., pp. 12-13.
49. Ibid., p. 116.
CHAPTER 6. MARRIAGE