Life in a Medieval Village - Frances Gies [96]
48. Fernand Braudel, Civilization and Capitalism 15th-18th Century, vol. 1, The Structures of Everyday Life: The Limits of the Possible, New York, 1981, p. 124.
49. Ault, Open-Field Farming, p. 29.
50. Walter of Henley (Seneschaucie), p. 99.
51. Ault, Open-Field Farming, pp. 42-43.
52. Langdon, “Agricultural Equipment,” in Astill and Grant, eds., Countryside of Medieval England, p. 103.
53. Duby, Rural Economy and Country Life, p. 270; F. R. H. DuBoulay, The Lordship of Canterbury, London, 1966, p. 12.
54. E.M.R., p. 92.
55. Langland, Piers Plowman’s Crede, pp. 16-17.
56. Hilton, The English Peasantry in the Later Middle Ages, pp. 102-103.
57. Ibid., p. 105.
58. Ibid., p. 97.
59. Trow-Smith, British Livestock Husbandry, p. 129.
60. Ibid., p. 147.
61. Ibid., p. 159.
62. Thirsk, “Farming Techniques,” in The Agrarian History of England and Wales, vol. 4, p. 187.
63. Miller and Hatcher, Medieval England, p. 217.
64. Walter of Henley (Hosbonderie), pp. 76-77.
65. Trow-Smith, British Livestock Husbandry, p. 128.
66. Ault, Open-Field Fanning, pp. 48-49.
67. V.C.H. Hunts., p. 78.
68. Joan Thirsk, “Farming Techniques,” in The Agrarian History of England and Wales, vol. 4, pp. 192-193.
69. Ault, Open-Field Farming, p. 50.
70. Trow-Smith, British Livestock Husbandry, pp. 117, 121; Miller and Hatcher, Medieval England, p. 217.
71. James Greig, “Plant Resources,” in Astill and Grant, eds., Countryside of Medieval England, p. 121; E.M.R., p. 60.
72. Raftis, “Farming Techniques,” in The Agrarian History of England and Wales, vol. 2, p. 338; Thirsk, “Farming Techniques,” in The Agrarian History of England and Wales, vol. 4, p. 195.
73. Walter of Henley (Hosbonderie), p. 77.
74. Joseph and Frances Gies, Life in a Medieval City, New York, 1969, pp. 102-103.
75. E.M.R., p. 81.
76. Ibid., p. 303.
77. Cart. Rames., vol. 1, pp. 489-490.
78. E.M.R., p. 52.
79. Ibid., pp.96, 117.
80. Ibid., p. 260.
81. Ibid., pp.64, 111-112, 211.
82. Ibid., pp. 13, 64.
83. Ibid., p. lvii.
84. Ibid., pp. 5, 45.
85. Ibid., pp. 66, 67, 138, 141, 171, 172.
86. Henri Pirenne, Economic and Social History of Medieval Europe, New York, 1937, p. 88.
87. Homans, English Villagers, p. 236; Raftis, Tenure and Mobility, p. 139.
88. E.M.R., pp. 6-7.
89. Postan and Titow, “Heriots and Prices on Winchester Manors.”
90. Mollat, The Poor in the Middle Ages, p. 178.
91. Vinogradoff, Growth of the Manor, p. 307.
92. Hallam, “The Life of the People,” in The Agrarian History of England and Wales, vol. 2, p. 846.
CHAPTER 8. THE PARISH
1. Miller and Hatcher, Medieval England, pp. 106-107.
2. John Godfrey, The English Parish, 600-1300, London, 1969; J. R. H. Moorman, Church Life in England in the Thirteenth Century, Cambridge, 1945, pp. 2-9.
3. Cart. Rames., vol. 2, p. 136.
4. Moorman, Church Life in England, pp. 24-37; A. Hamilton Thompson, The English Clergy and Their Organization in the Later Middle Ages, Oxford, 1947, pp. 101-131.
5. Moorman, Church Life in England, pp. 26-28.
6. Chronicon de Lanercost, Edinburgh, 1839, p. 158, cited in Moorman, Church Life in England, p. 27n.
7. Moorman, Church Life in England, pp. 28-31; Godfrey, The English Parish, pp. 74-75.
8. Ibid., pp. 76-77.
9. Chaucer, Canterbury Tales, pp. 30-31.
10. Moorman, Church Life in England, pp. 90-91.
11. Ibid., pp. 92-94.
12. Ibid., pp. 95-98.
13. Myrc, Instructions for Parish Priests, p. 1; W. A. Pantin, The English Church in the Fourteenth Century, Cambridge, 1955, pp. 195-243.
14. The Autobiography of Giraldus Cambrensis, ed. and trans, by H. E. Williams, London, 1937, p. 40.
15. Cart. Rames., vol. 1, pp. 293-294.
16. Ibid., vol. 1, p. 306.
17. Ibid., vol. 1, p. 331.
18. Rot. Hund., p. 658.
19. Cart. Rames., vol. 1, pp. 305-306.
20. Ibid., vol. 1, p. 293.
21. Ibid., vol. 1, p. 320.
22. E.M.R., p. 196.
23. Ibid., p. 300.
24. Owst, Preaching in Medieval England, p. 31.
25. Moorman, Church Life in Medieval England, p. 59.
26. Colin Piatt, The Parish Churches of Medieval England, London, 1981, p. 58.
27. Adhemar Esmein, Le Manage