Living My Life - Emma Goldman [313]
5 the opera Trovatore: In Giuseppe Verdi’s Il trovatore (premiere 1/19/1853), the star-crossed lovers Leonora and the troubador Manrico meet a tragic end.
CHAPTER V
1 Joseph Barondess (1867-1928): Russian-born Jewish socialist and anarchist, established the International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union (ILGWU) after the Triangle shirtwaist fire in New York City.
2 EG had befriended Annie Netter, a young labor and anarchist activist. Netter’s home was an “oasis for the radical element, an intellectual centre” (see LML, 1970, 54-55).c
3 When Johann Most told EG that her blond hair and blue eyes were unusual for a Jewish woman, she recounted her father’s mocking story that he had found her at a pig market (see LML, 1970, 35).
CHAPTER VI
1 Armes Aschenprödelchen: “poor little Cinderella.”
2 Joseph Peukert (1855-1910): Bohemian-born anarchist. Influenced by Communist anarchism of Peter Kropotkin, he founded Gruppe Autonomie in London, favoring decentralized organization, small groups, individuals, and the revolutionary tactic of “propaganda by the deed,” or attentat. Immigrated in 1890 to America, where he worked to clear his name of Johann Most’s charge that he had acted as a political spy and was responsible for
CHAPTER VIII
1 Andrew Carnegie (1835-1919): Scots-born American industrialist and philanthropist; organized the Carnegie Steel Company, which launched the steel industry in Pittsburgh. As a philanthropist, he argued later in life that great personal wealth should be administered as a trust for public welfare.
2 Henry Clay Frick (1849-1919): As chairman of Carnegie Steel, the largest producer of coke from coal, he formed the U.S. Steel Corporation. He bequeathed his private art collection housed in his New York City mansion As a public gallery.
3 See editor’s introduction pages xvi-xix for an explanation of Attentat and its ideological history.
4 Most’s Science of Revolutionary Warfare: The best-known pamphlet by anarchist Johann Most was subtitled “A Little Handbook of Instruction in the Use and Preparation of Nitroglycerine, Dynamite ... Bombs, Fuses, Poisons, etc.” (1885). Most’s pamphlet confirmed the public impression of an anarchist as a fanatical bomb thrower.
5 Carl Nold (1869-1934) and Henry Bauer (1861-1934): German-born American anarchists, both were sentenced to five years in prison for conspiracy to murder in the attempt against Frick’s life.
6 Dostoyevsky’s Crime and Punishment: The novel, published in 1886, is an account of man’s fall and redemption. Fyodor Mikhaylovich Dostoyevsky (1821-1881) explored the existential, moral, and psychological state of the human condition.
CHAPTER IX
1 toy pistol: Johann Most belittled Berkman’s Attentat, suggesting that he had “shot off a toy pistol” (see LML, 1970, 98).
2 Berkman’s assassination attempt had been lauded by Peukert and his anarchist group. Their support of Berkman enraged Johann Most, whose repudiation of Berkman’s act became more public (see LML, 1970, 98).
CHAPTER X
1 anniversary of the 11th of November: On November 11, 1887, the Haymarket martyrs were executed in Chicago.
2 March Metzkow (1854-1945) was a follower of Johann Most.
CHAPTER XI
1 Edward Brady (1852-1903) elicted EG’s immediate respect both as a revolutionary and as someone who had survived years in prison (see LML, 1970,115).
2 Voltairine de Cleyre (1866-1912): American anarchist, prolific writer, and popular lecturer, admired by Goldman, although the two were not always in accord.
3 Justus’s den: Located at 51 East First Street, Justus Schwab’s Lower East Side saloon was a favorite gathering place in the late 19th century for Goldman and anarchist friends. Schwab (1847-1900) was a German-born anarchist and member of New York City revolutionary and working-class associations.
4 the Tombs: New York city prison built in 1835, modeled after a mausoleum with four distinctive