Malcolm X_ A Life of Reinvention - Manning Marable [344]
201 “doesn’t necessarily mean we gotta kill each other.” Schmaltz, Hate, pp. 159-60, 201. Rockwell continued to cite the views of Malcolm X as a justification for his own racist agenda, up to the time of his death in 1967. During an interview with Alex Haley, published in Playboy magazine in April 1966, for instance, Rockwell declared that “the harder you people push for that [integration], the madder white people are going to get. . . . Malcolm X said the same thing I’m saying.” See “Interview with George Lincoln Rockwell,” Playboy, vol. 13, no. 4 (April 1966), pp. 71-72, 74, 76-82, 154, 156.
201 should have favored Rustin. FBI—Gravitt, Summary Report, New York Office, January 11, 1963.
201 “‘he couldn’t be talking about me—Iʹm the liberal.’” John D’Emilio, Lost Prophet: The Life and Times of Bayard Rustin (New York: Free Press, 2003), p. 324; and Goldman, The Death and Life of Malcolm X, p. 67.
202 Mosque No. 23 in Buffalo, New York. MX FBI, Summary Report, New York Office, May 17, 1962, p. 7; and FBI—Gravitt, Summary Report, New York Office, January 11, 1963.
202 at Harlem’s Rockland Palace. FBI—Gravitt, Summary Report, New York Office, October 18, 1962; and FBI—Benjamin 2X Goodman (also known as Benjamin Karim) file, Summary Report, New York Office, January 11, 1963.
202 “when the Government shows interest?” Elijah Muhammad to Malcolm X, February 15, 1962, MXC-S, box 3, folder 8.
203 “made to suffer, morning, noon and night.” Malcolm X and James Farmer, “Separation or Integration: A Debate,” Dialogue, vol. 2, no. 3 (May 1962), pp. 14-18.
203 the black middle class that opposed desegregation. Ibid.
203 that Farmer was married to a white woman. Ibid.
204 “boycotting, withholding their patronage.” Ibid.
204 partnership between the two men in the year to come. “Malcolm X Packs Powell’s Church,” no date, MXC-S, box 5, folder 17. Also see FBI—Gravitt, Summary Report, New York Office, January 11, 1963; FBI—Phillips, Summary Report, New York Office, March 21, 1963.
204 selling bulk copies of Muhammad Speaks. “Louis Farrakhan,” in Jenkins, ed., Malcolm X Encyclopedia, pp. 218-19; and Evanzz, The Messenger, pp. 296-97.
205 “would have liked to [have been] in her position.” Rickford, Betty Shabazz, pp. 143-44.
205 certainly provide for Betty and their children. Ibid., pp. 144-45.
206 against racially restrictive housing covenants. See Douglas Flamming, Bound for Freedom: Black Los Angeles in Jim Crow America (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005), p. 69.
206 continued to be a problem well into the 1960s. Stephen Meyer Grant, As Long as They Don’t Move Next Door: Segregation and Racial Conflict in American Neighborhoods (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2000), pp. 178-83.
206 By 1960, 468,000 blacks resided in Los Angeles County. On the economic conditions of blacks in Los Angeles, see Josh Sides, L.A. City Limits: African American Los Angeles from the Great Depression to the Present (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003). The best study documenting the socioeconomic and political factors leading up to the 1965 Watts riots in South Central Los Angeles is Gerald Horne, Fire This Time: The Watts Uprising and the 1960s (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1995).
206 to settle a local factional dispute. Frederick Knight, “Justifiable Homicide, Police Brutality, or Governmental Repression? The 1962 Los Angeles Police Shooting of Seven Members of the Nation of Islam,” Journal of Negro History, vol. 79, no. 2 (Spring 1974), pp. 182-96.
206 “violence or any other means.” Ibid.
206 acquitted the Muslims on all charges. Ibid.; and “Study Shows Los Angeles Police Were Investigating Muslims at Time of Riot,” Amsterdam News, May 12, 1962.
207 mosque, they approached with suspicion. Knight, “Justifiable Homicide, Police Brutality, or Governmental Repression?” pp. 12-196; and DeCaro, On the Side of My People, p. 184.
207 “that Stokes’s death was ‘justifiable.’” Goldman, The Death and Life of Malcolm X, p. 97.
207