Malcolm X_ A Life of Reinvention - Manning Marable [355]
294 “wherever Negroes ask for my help.” Handler, “Malcolm X Splits with Muhammad.”
295 “and that he should be killed.” William H. George interview with Assistant District Attorney Herbert Stern, March 18, 1964, MANY.
295 a second election would be held. MX FBI, Summary Report, New York Office, June 18, 1964, p. 33.
295 whom had been former NOI members. James 67X Warden interview, June 18, 2003.
295 New York’s WNDT, Channel 13. “Malcolm X Charts,” Jet, April 2, 1964; and MX FBI, Memo, New York Office, March 11, 1964.
295 with an interview with Malcolm. “Telegram to Muhammad” and “Malcolm X: Why I Quit,” Amsterdam News, March 14, 1964.
296 “while there is still time.” M. S. Handler, “Malcolm X Sees Rise in Violence,” New York Times, March 12, 1964.
296 Muhammad only isolated him further. Ibid.; MX FBI, Memo, New York Office, March 13, 1964; DeCaro, On the Side of My People, p. 195; and “Occasional Statements,” MXC-S, box 5, folder 18.
296 Malcolm would later explain. Rickford, Betty Shabazz, p. 163.
296 “had yet to be broken.” Ibid., p. 171.
Chapter 11: An Epiphany in the Hajj
298 “within their rights to kill those dogs.” MX FBI, Memo, New York Office, March 13, 1964.
298 Murphy’s condemnation was a “compliment.” “‘Get Guns,’ Says Malcolm X,ʺ Chicago Defender, March 14, 1964; “Top New York Cop Vows Fight Against Malcolm X,ʺ Chicago Defender, March 17, 1964; “Negroes Seek Ouster,” Chicago Defender, March 19, 1964; and MX FBI, Memo, New York Office, March 26, 1964.
298 quality of blacks’ public education. MX FBI, Memo, New York Office, March 13, 1964; and MX FBI, Memo, Boston Office, April 3, 1964.
298 most blacks to dismiss his claims. “Malcolm X Tells of Death Threat,” Amsterdam News, March 21, 1964.
298 room located on the hotel’s mezzanine. MX FBI, Memo, Chicago Office, March 17, 1964; MX FBI, Memo, New York Office, March 13, 1964; and MX FBI, Summary Report, New York Office, June 18, 1964, p. 35.
299 “the white man himself bleeds a little.” MX FBI, Memo, Boston Office, April 3, 1964.
299 “anti-Semitic. We are simply against exploitation.” MX FBI, Memo, Paris Office, August 26, 1964.
299 had requested information on how to join up. MX FBI, New York Office, June 18, 1964, p. 48.
299 to form “a black nationalist army.” “Malcolm X May Form Black National Army,” Amsterdam News, March 25, 1964; “Malcolm X Says Form a New Party,” Chicago Defender, March 26, 1964; and MX FBI, Summary Report, New York Office, June 18, 1964, p. 36.
300 “will consider a conflict as a bloody one.” Ibid.
301 would become spiritual brothers and sisters to blacks. DeCaro, On the Side of My People, pp. 207-8.
301 “in the nonviolent movement.” Garrow, Bearing the Cross, p. 319.
302 only time the two men ever met. James 67X Warden interview, August 1, 2007.
302 compensate blacks for “three hundred ten years of unpaid slave labor.” “Malcolm X to Organize Mass Voter Registration,” Militant, April 6, 1964.
302 the inevitable socialist revolution in the United States. Trotsky’s theory of “permanent revolution” suggested that revolutionary societies could “leap” economic stages of development—for example, from feudalism to socialism, bypassing capitalism. In the United States, this meant that the vanguard of the socialist revolution would not come from the industrial proletariat, but from the most oppressed sectors of the working class and peasantry. This meant that Negroes would be a major force within the vanguard of the American socialist revolution. The Socialist Workers Party, Trotsky advised, should support movements promoting black nationalism and demands for self-determination. See Manning Marable, Black American Politics: From the Washington Marches to Jesse Jackson (London: Verso, 1985), p. 52.
304 best program addressing blacks’ interests. Ibid.; Breitman, ed., Malcolm X Speaks, p. 23; and Robert Terrill, Malcolm X: Inventing Radical