Malcolm X_ A Life of Reinvention - Manning Marable [356]
304 “by August [1964], with delegates from all over the country.” “2,000 Hear Malcolm X in Cleveland,” Militant, June 13, 1964. Provocatively, Malcolm also raised the specter of armed struggle by blacks inside the United States. At the proposed August 1964 convention, Malcolm declared, “If it’s necessary to form a black nationalist army, we’ll form a black nationalist army.”
304 one of Malcolm’s most widely quoted talks. “The Ballot or the Bullet,” Transcript, MXC-S, box 5, folder 8.
304 “rightfully theirs,” Malcolm was reported stating. MX FBI, Cleveland Office, April 7, 1964; and “Organize Rifle Club in Ohio,” Amsterdam News, April 11, 1964.
305 eviction of Malcolm and his family from the house. James Booker, “Seek to Evict Malcolm X from Home in Queens,” Amsterdam News, March 31, 1964.
305 “accusing the government of genocide,” it reported. FBI—Muslim Mosque, Incorporated (MMI) file, Memo, New York Office, April 5, 1964; Travel Diaries (Transcription): Middle East and West Africa, April-May 1964, MXC-S, box 5, folder 13.
305 Malcolm’s core followers also in attendance. Breitman, ed., Malcolm X Speaks, pp. 45-57; and DeCaro, On the Side of My People, p. 282.
306 ministers tried in vain to block his appearance. “Malcolm Xʹs Detroit Date Sparks Battle of Ministers,” Afro-American, April 11, 1964.
307 “a chump but a traitor to his race.” MX FBI, Memo, Detroit Office, April 9, 1964; MX FBI, Memo, Detroit Office, April 14, 1964; and “Leading Dixiecrat in White House,” Chicago Defender, April 14, 1964.
307 “fit right into Harlem,” he noted in his diary. Travel Diaries, April 13-14, 1964, MXC-S, box 5, folder 13.
307 Saudi Arabia, the official center of embarkation for the hajj. Malcolm X and Haley, Autobiography , pp. 326-31; and DeCaro, On the Side of My People, p. 204.
308 in securing permission to participate in the hajj. Malcolm X and Haley, Autobiography, pp. 328-31, 336-37; DeCaro, On the Side of My People, p. 205; and “Malcolm X Gets Religion,” Chicago Defender, May 14, 1964.
308 “decreed that I be a guest of the state.” Travel Diaries, April 17-19, 1964, MXC-S, box 5, folder 13; and DeCaro, On the Side of My People, p. 205.
309 and renewal, fitting well with the purpose of the hajj. Letter from Malcolm X, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, April 20, 1964, Best Efforts, Inc. Archives, Highland Park, Michigan, in DeCaro, On the Side of My People, p. 206; “Malcolm X Gets Religion,” Chicago Defender; “Malcolm X Has New Name in Arabia,” Amsterdam News, May 9, 1964; and Esposito, The Oxford Dictionary of Islam, pp. 103-4.
309 “horum, with right shoulder bare.” Malcolm observed on April 23. Travel Diaries, April 22-23, 1964, MXC-S, box 5, folder 13.
310 who “were more genuinely brotherly than anyone else had ever been.” Rickford, Betty Shabazz, p. 179.
310 “modernizing the methods to propagate Islam.” Travel Diaries, April 22-23, 1964, MXC-S, box 5, folder 13.
311 unhappy experiences with American racism. Travel Diaries, April 24, 1964, ibid.
311 years he was incarcerated in Massachusetts. Travel Diaries, April 25, 1964, ibid.
311 “True Believer recognizes the Oneness of all Humanity.” Travel Diaries, April 26-27, 1964, ibid.
312 “Islam will link us spiritually to Africa, Arabia and Asia.” Travel Diaries, April 23, 1964, MXC-S, box 5, folder 13.
312 who advocated the expansive use of jihad. Esposito, The Oxford Dictionary of Islam, pp. 217-18. In 1980, Hafez al-Assad mandated death for any Syrian who belonged to the Muslim Brotherhood.
312 scheduled to give a lecture the following day. Travel Diaries, April 27-29, 1964, ibid.
312 a front-page article about it the next day. Travel Diaries, April 30, 1964, ibid.; and Malcolm Xʹs Itinerary, April 30, 1964, MXC-S, box 13, folder 7.
312 “only a minority of Negroes believed in nonviolence.” “Negro Moderation Decried by Malcolm X in Lebanon,” New York Times, May 2, 1964.
312 “the offices of the Muslim borthersʺ— that is, the Brotherhood. Travel Diaries,