Malcolm X_ A Life of Reinvention - Manning Marable [376]
483 Davis said, “is not a king.” Ossie Davis interview, June 29, 2003.
485 necessity of armed struggle in Africa. William Mervin Gumede, Thabo Mbeki and the Battle for the Soul of the ANC (Cape Town, South Africa: Zebra Press, 2007), p. 24.
485 that number were black Americans. See Marable, Race, Reform and Rebellion, pp. 238-40.
486 will influence his future legacy. The sales of The Autobiography of Malcolm X rose 300 percent between 1989 and 1992, during the golden age of hip-hop music. See Lewis Lord, Jeannye Thornton, and Alejandro Bodipo-Memba, “The Legacy of Malcolm X,ʺ U.S. News and World Report, November 15, 1992.
486 Universal Day of Struggle Against Race Discrimination. Paul Lee, “Unseen Unity,” Michigan Citizen, September 30, 2009.
486 “become the new Malcolm X.” Philip Sherwell, “The New Malcolm X?” Sunday Telegraph , April 9, 2006.
487 traditions of “honorable black Americans.” Mark Mazzetti, “Al-Qaeda Offers Obama Insults and a Warning,” New York Times, November 20, 2008.
487 “people I have ever met.” James Baldwin, “Malcolm and Martin,” Esquire, vol. 77, no. 4 (April 1972), pp. 94-97, 195-202.
A GLOSSARY OF TERMS
As-salaam alaikum—An Arabic spoken greeting; the term salaam means “peace” and the greeting can be translated as “Peace be upon you.”
Black Legion—A hate group related to the Ku Klux Klan which numbered nearly thirty thousand and was centered on Detroit and other Midwestern cities. The Black Legion was responsible for numerous crimes against immigrants, minorities, and suspected communists; the group was allegedly responsible for the death of Malcolm Xʹs father, Earl Little.
Fishing—The searching for new converts to the Nation of Islam.
Fitna—From the Arabic verb meaning “to seduce, tempt, or lure,” fitna can refer to the temptation believers must face or the period of chaos and disorder prior to salvation. It can also describe fracturing or civil war within the Muslim community.
Five Pillars of Islam—The five duties of every Sunni Muslim, including shahada, salat, zakat, sawm, and hajj.
Fruit of Islam—The “Fruit,” as it is often called, is a male-only paramilitary group of the Nation of Islam, which is in charge of security and whose membership is drawn from the various mosques. Members are characterized by distinct blue or white uniforms and caps bearing a star and crescent or the abbreviation FOI.
Hajj—The fifth pillar of Islam, the hajj is the largest annual pilgrimage in the world and must be performed at least once by every Muslim who is physically or financially able. It occurs from the seventh to the thirteenth day during the twelfth month of the Islamic calendar.
Imam—Muslim spiritual or community leader, and the person who leads prayer during a religious gathering.
Jihad—Religious duty meaning “struggle,” jihad is the striving for perfection in Islam; it can also refer to a holy war against infidels. Some Sunni scholars categorize this as the unofficial sixth pillar of Islam.
Kaaba—A cuboidal building built by Abraham, according to Islamic tradition, it is enclosed within the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca and is the point toward which all Muslims pray. The Kaaba is circled during the hajj, a process called tawaf.
Kafan—Clean white cloth that the body is wrapped in during a traditional Islamic funeral.
Mecca—The holiest city in Islam, Mecca is closed to non-Muslims and is the site of the hajj festivities.
Medina—The second holiest city in Islam, Medina is the burial place of the Prophet Muhammad and was the place of his migration from Mecca in 622 CE.
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