Microcosm_ E. Coli and the New Science of Life - Carl Zimmer [116]
THE HAIRS BRING E. COLI TO A HALT: Thomas et al., 2004.
THE WARMTH OF THE GUT: White-Ziegler, Malhowski, and Young, 2007.
AT LEAST FOR A FEW DAYS: Favier et al., 2002; H. K. Park et al., 2005.
THIS ECOSYSTEM E. COLI HELPS TO BUILD: Dethlefsen et al., 2006.
E. COLI MAKES THE GUT RELIABLY COMFORTABLE: Jones et al., 2007.
WE, TOO, DEPEND ON OUR MICROBIAL JUNGLE: Backhed et al., 2005; Nicholson, Holmes, and Wilson, 2005.
IN 2003, JEFFRY STOCK AND HIS COLLEAGUES: S. Park et al., 2003.
SWARMING ALLOWS E. COLI TO GLIDE ACROSS A PETRI DISH: Inoue et al., 2007; Zorzano et al., 2005.
E. COLI CAN ALSO SETTLE DOWN: Beloin et al., 2004; Domka et al., 2007; Reisner et al., 2006.
A CLOUDY LAYER OF SCUM ON THEIR FLASKS: Ghannoum and O’Toole, 2004.
ON THE INNER WALLS OF OUR INTESTINES: Bollinger et al., 2007.
KNOWN AS COLICINS: Cascales et al., 2007.
THERE ARE MANY PREDATORS WAITING TO DEVOUR E. COLI: Meltz Steinberg and Levin, 2007.
OTHERS, SUCH AS THE BACTERIA BDELLOVIBRIO: Lambert et al., 2006.
THE BACTERIA MYXOCOCCUS XANTHUS RELEASE MOLECULES: Shi and Zusman, 1993.
LETS IT FEED ON MANY CARBON-BEARING MOLECULES—EVEN TNT: Stenuit et al., 2006.
IN AUSTRALIA, FOR EXAMPLE: Power et al., 2005.
E. COLI ALSO COMES IN FORMS THAT CAN SICKEN OR KILL: The best overall recent survey of pathogenic E. coli is Kaper, 2005.
JOHN BRAY, A BRITISH PATHOLOGIST: Bray, 1945.
WHEN SCIENTISTS COULD EXAMINE SHIGELLA’ S GENES LETTER BY LETTER: Wirth et al., 2006.
SHIGELLA ALONE STRIKES 165 MILLION PEOPLE EVERY YEAR: Sansonetti, 2006.
FOR ALL ITS NOTORIETY: My account of E. coli O 157: H7 is drawn from Elliott and Robins-Browne, 2005; Karch, Tarr, and Bielaszewska, 2005; Naylor, Gally, and Low, 2005; Pennington, 2003; Rangel et al., 2005; Tarr, Gordon, and Chandler, 2005; and Varma et al., 2003.
IN SEPTEMBER 2006, CONTAMINATED SPINACH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2006.
ONCE THEY’VE FORMED A LARGE ENOUGH ARMY: Walters and Sperandio, 2006.
IT WANDERS: Jennison and Verma, 2004.
THEY OPEN UP MORE GAPS: Gorvel, 2006.
FIVE: EVERFLUX
“ONE MAY PERCEIVE”: Lamarck, 1984, p. xxx.
AN ITALIAN REFUGEE SAT IN A COUNTRY CLUB: Luria, 1984; Luria and Delbrück, 1943.
THEY COLLABORATED WITH SCIENTISTS: Luria, Delbrück, and Anderson, 1943.
BUT WHEN LURIA AND DELBRÜCK FIRST PUBLISHED THE EXPERIMENT: Davis, 2003.
THE CONTROVERSY DID NOT DIE: Lederberg and Lederberg, 1952.
THEY SET OUT TO OBSERVE E. COLI: Zimmer, 2007b.
ONE OF THOSE SCIENTISTS WAS RICHARD LENSKI: The sources for my descriptions of Lenski’s work include Crozat et al., 2005; Elena and Lenski, 2003; Lenski, 2003; Ostrowski, Rozen, and Lenski, 2005; Pelosi et al., 2006; Remold and Lenski, 2004; Rozen, Schneider, and Lenski, 2005; Schneider and Lenski, 2004; Travisano et al., 1995; Woods et al., 2006.
BERNHARD PALSSON AND HIS COLLEAGUES: Herring et al., 2006.
A ROUGHLY 1-IN-10,000 CHANCE: Perfeito et al., 2007.
“YOU PRESS THE REWIND BUTTON”: Gould, 1989, p. 48.
IN THE EARLY 1990S, JULIAN ADAMS: Adams, 2004; Spencer et al., 2007.
MICHAEL DOEBELI AND HIS COLLEAGUES: Spencer et al., 2007.
IN LAKE APOYO: Barluenga et al., 2006.
SIX: DEATH AND KINDNESS
IN ORDER TO BE MORAL: Sapp, 1994, p. 21.
HIS ESSAYS WERE EVENTUALLY PUBLISHED: Kropotkin, 1919, p. 17.
YET ROBERTO KOLTER OF HARVARD AND A FORMER STUDENT: Vulic and Kolter, 2001.
GEORGE WILLIAMS, AN EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGIST: Zimmer, 2004.
IN HIS 1966 BOOK, ADAPTATION AND NATURAL SELECTION: Williams, 1966.
ANOTHER YOUNG BIOLOGIST, WILLIAM HAMILTON: Segerstrale, in press.
E. COLI SUPPORTS THEIR VIEW OF LIFE: West et al., 2006.
CHEATERS CANNOT MARSHAL THESE DEFENSES: K. R. Foster, Parkinson, and Thompson, 2007.
JOAO XAVIER AND KEVIN FOSTER: Xavier and Foster, 2007.
CONFLICT AND COOPERATION STRIKE AN UNEASY BALANCE: Michod, 2007.
WE CALL THEIR SUCCESS CANCER: Zimmer, 2007 a.
IT PAYS FOR THE POPULATION TO HEDGE ITS BETS: Mettetal et al., 2006; Wolf, Vazirani, and Arkin, 2005.
SCIENTISTS DISCOVERED SO-CALLED PERSISTER BACTERIA: Lewis, 2005, 2007.