Piracy_ The Intellectual Property Wars from Gutenberg to Gates - Adrian Johns [331]
16 J. Watt, "Thoughts upon Patents, or Exclusive Privileges for New Inventions," in E. Robinson and A. E. Musson,James Watt and the Steam Revolution (New York: A. M. Kelley, 1969), 213-28.
17 Sherman and Bently Making of Modern Intellectual Property Law, 131. In the end, these debates led into general considerations of the role of scientific "expert testimony" in the courts at large.
18 Report of the Select Committee on the Law Relative to Patents for Inventions (London, 1829), e.g., 38, 40; Coulter, Property in Ideas, 30-36.
19 Coulter, Property in Ideas, 49-50. For manufacturers' hostility to exhibitions, see Morrell andThackray, Gentlemen ofScience: Early rears, 264.
20 `An Act to Extend the Provisions of the Designs Act, 185o, and to Give Protection from Piracy to Persons Exhibiting New Inventions at the Exhibition of the Works of Industry ofAll Nations in 1851," 14 & 15 Vict., c. 8.
21 Gordon, Home Life of Sir David Brewster, 207-9; Coulter, Property in Ideas, 42.
22 15 & 16 Vict., c. 83; Coulter, Property in Ideas, 53-55, 82.
23 Coulter, Property in Ideas, 6o-6i.
24 Sherman and Bently, Making of Modern Intellectual Property Law, 111-28.
25 AnAct forAmnending the Law for G-antingPatents for Inventionzs, 15 & 16 Vict. c. 83, §xviii, in J. Coryton, A Treatise on the Law ofLetters-Patent (London: H. Sweet, r855), 440-66, esp. 446-47.
26 G. Heuman, "The British West Indies," in The Oxford History of th. e British Empire, III: The Nineteenth Century, ed. A. Porter (Oxford: Oxford University Press, r999), 470-93, esp. 477-78, 482; M. Havinden and D. Meredith, Colonialism and Development: Britain and Its Tropical Colonies, i85o-1960 (London: Routledge, 1993), 27-37•
27 Some of MacFie's work on the patents question is traceable in his family's papers at the University of Glasgow archives, which include his commonplace books; for the early complaint of a multiplicity of patents on manufacturers, see MS DC120/5/20/5 (April 15, 1851).
28 Grove, "Suggestions," 23, 25; Coulter, Property in Ideas, 154.
29 M. J. Bastable, Arms and the State: Sir WilliamArmstrongand the Remaking of British Naval Power,18S4-1914 (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2004),19-20, 23-24, 28-31,34,36-37; P. McKenzie, W G. Armstrong (Newcastle: Longhirst Press, 1983), 16-r9; see also 19-29 for early hydrostatic experiments preceding his hydraulics.
30 Coulter, Property in Ideas, 104,111-15.
31 [Brewster] , "Patent Laws," 337; Morrell and Thackray, Gentlemen of Science: Early Years, 345; Coulter, Property in Ideas, io6-io. For Kant's arguments see above, 54-56, and the sources cited inA.Johns, "The Piratical Enlightenment," in This Is Enlightenment, ed. C. Siskin and W. Warner (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, forthcoming).
32 R. A. MacFie, ed., Recent Discussions on theAbolition of Patents for Inventions (London: Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer, 1869); R. A. MacFie, ed., Copyright and Patents for Inventions, 2 vols. (Edinburgh: T. and T. Clark, 1879-83).
33 MacFie, Copyright and Patents for Inventions, 1:155-56, 229-72; 2:565-66, 58o-86. H. C. Baird returned the compliment by reprinting MacFie's two volumes in Philadelphia.
34 MacFie, Copyright and Patents for Inventions, vols. i and 2, notes before title pages. MacFie's Patent Question under Free Trade was extracted and translated into French: see University of Glasgow Archives, MS DCiso/5/24/20.
35 Coulter, Property in Ideas, 64-65.
36 Grove, "Suggestions," 19-25, esp. 21-22; Sherman and Bently, Making of Modern Intellectual Property Law, 5o-56.
37 H. Dircks, Inventors and Inventions (London: E. and F. N. Spon, 1867), v, 109, 114.
38 Report from the Select Committee (1871), 23; Bastable, Arms and the State, 37-38, 6o, 181.
39 Coulter, Property in Ideas, 77-
40 Scientific Review ,, no. , (March 1865): 9; Scientific Review 1, no. 3 (May 1865): 42,44; Sir David Brewster, "On the Claims of Science, Literature, and the Arts to National Recognition and Support," part 2, Scientific