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Science upon Society," and repeated some of the same cautious gestures (BAAS, Report, 1936, 1-26). For his denial of the call for a moratorium, see the revised version of "The Impact of Science upon Society," in Sir J. Stamp, The Science of Social Adjustment (London: MacMillan and CO., 1937), 59. And for evidence that he had been mulling over the details of these topics for some time, see Stamp, "Invention," in Sir J. Stamp, Some Economic Factors in Modern Life (London: P. S. King and Son, 1929), 89-121, esp. 96-101. Otherwise, the call for a moratorium can be traced to an earlier speech to the BAAS by the Bishop of Ripon in 1927; and in the United States similar calls were associated with Southern conservatives: B.J. Stern, "Restraints upon the Utilization of Inventions," Annals of theAmericanAcademy of Political and Social Science 200 (1938):13-31, esp. 31.

5 R. Bain, "Scientist as Citizen," Social Forces 11(1933): 412-15.

6 J. Hettinger, "The Problem of Scientific Property and Its Solution," Science Progress 26 (1931-32): 449-61; F. Ruffin, Report on Scientific Property (Geneva, Switzerland: Kundig, 1923); S. B. Ladas, "The Efforts for International Protection of Scientific Property," American Journal of International Law 23 (1929): 552-69, esp. 555-59.

7 R. Seidel, "The Origins of the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory," in Big Science: The Growth ofLarge-Scale Research, ed. P. Galison and B. Hevly (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1992), 21-45, esp. 26-27; P. Galison, B. Hevly, and R. Lowen, "Controlling the Monster: Stanford and the Growth of Physics Research, 1935-62," in BigScience, ed. Galison and Hevly, 46-77, esp. 50; D. J. Kevles, The Physicists: The History ofa Scientific Community in ModernAmerica (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1995 [1971]), 268; M. Fishbein, "Medical Patents," JAMA 109 (1937):1539-43; R. H. Shryock, "Freedom and Interference in Medicine," Annals of theAmericanAcademy ofPolitical and SocialScience 200 (November 1938), 32-59, esp. 45-46; W. H. Whyte, The Organization Man (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1956), 225-53.

8 Kevles, Physicists, 252-53,264,266; N. R. Danielian, A.T.&T: The Story of Industrial Conquest (New York: Vanguard, 1939), preface (unpaginated),1-7.

9 Danielian, A. T. &T, 92-172; P. Latzke, A Fight with an Octopus (Chicago: Telephony Publishing Co., 19o6), 42, 52, 55, 59, 73; Federal Communications Commission, Report on Telephone Investigation (76th Congress, 1st Session, House Document No. 340) (1939),214,216,222-23; FCC, Proposed Report: Telephone Investigation (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1938) 96-97,145,150, 240-42, 254-63.

1o Danielian,A.T.&T., 92, ioo; Kevles, Physicists, 188-89.

11 Latzke, A Fight with an Octopus, 109; AT&T, Brief of BellSystem Companies on Commissioner Walkers Proposed Report on the Telephone Investigation (1938), 56; Danielian, AT&T, .introduction (unpaginated); FCC, ProposedReport, x, 2-3,5,243, 248-53,279-88. This Proposed Reportwas avery controversial document, yet the full Report that appeared a year later, while couched in less confrontational terms, adopted most of its perspectives and recommendations.

12 AT&T, Brief, 41, 44-45; AT&T, Telephone Investigation,193S-1937: Comments Submitted to Federal Communications Commission ... on Commission Exhibit 2110 (October 29,1937),1-4, 8-IO,14-15.

13 D. M. Kennedy, Freedom from Fear: TheAmerican People in Depression and War, 1929-1945 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999),358-59; D. M. Hart, Forged Consensus: Science, Technology, and Economic Policy in the United States, -1921--1953 (Princeton, NJ.: Princeton University Press, 1998), 135-36; W. Hamilton, Patents and Free Enterprise, TNEC monograph 31 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1941),43-44, 87-93, 104-5. George Folk, long-time patent attorney forAT&T, subjected Hamilton to withering attack: Folk, Patents and Industrial Progress, 3-4, 23-61, 63, 77-106, 257.

14 Folk, Patents and Industrial Progress, 112-13,144-48,153,170, 188,2o6, 229; Hamilton, Patents and Free Enterprise, 153-55;