Pox_ An American History - Michael Willrich [216]
29 C. P. Wertenbaker, “Investigation of Smallpox at Columbia and Sumter, S.C.,” PHR, 13 (May 2, 1898), 468–70. USWDAR 1898, 622.
30 Sternberg, “Medical Department,” 176. DODGECOM, vol. 5, 1684. John Van Rensselaer Hoff, “Experience of the Army with Vaccination as a Prophylactic Against Smallpox,” Military Surgeon, 28 (1911), 498, 502.
31 USMCSW, 167–93, esp. 178. “Origin and Spread of Typhoid Fever in the United States Army during the Spanish War,” MR, 59 (Jan. 19, 1901), 98.
32 “Horrors of Chickamauga,” NYT, Aug. 27, 1898, 3. “Camp Alger a Pest Hole,” ibid., Aug. 6, 1898, 2. USMCSW, 167–93, esp. 190. Cirillo, Bullets and Bacilli, 57–90.
33 “Shafter’s Men to Flee from Fever,” NYT, Aug. 5, 1898, 7. See also, Nicholas Senn, “The Invasion of Porto Rico from a Medical Standpoint,” MN, 73 (Sept. 17, 1898), 369.
34 McKinley, in DODGECOM, vol. 1, 237.
35 Reed quoted in Gaines M. Foster, “The Demands of Humanity: Army Medical Disaster Relief ” (Washington, U.S. Army, 1983), ch. 3, p. 2, http://history.amedd.army.mil/booksdocs/misc/disaster/default.htm, accessed June 23, 2008. McCulloch, “Scientific and Administrative Achievement,” 414, 419. Cirillo, Bullets and Bacilli, 111–35. Smallman-Raynor and Cliff, War Epidemics, 370–96.
36 J. N. Taylor, “Cleansing Cities,” BG, Mar. 16, 1900, 3. Captain L. P. Davison, “Sanitary Work in Porto Rico,” Independent, Aug. 10, 1899, 2128, 2131. Foster, “Demands of Humanity,” ch. 3,p. 4. See Martin V. Melosi, The Sanitary City: Urban Infrastructure in America from Colonial Times to the Present (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999).
37 USPC 1905, Appendix A: “Report of the Commissioner of Public Health, Sept. 1, 1904, to August 31, 1905,” 72. Davison, “Sanitary Work,” 2131. See USPC 1905, 10.
38 Taylor, “Cleansing Cities.”
39 Smallman-Raynor and Cliff, War Epidemics, 625–39, 685. Matthew Smallman-Raynor and Andrew D. Cliff, “War and Disease: Some Perspectives on the Spatial and Temporal Occurrence of Tuberculosis in Wartime,” in Return of the White Plague: Global Poverty and the “New” Tuberculosis , ed. Matthew Grandy and Alimuddin Zumla (London: Verso, 2003), esp. 70–76.
40 Clara Barton, The Red Cross: A History of This Remarkable International Movement in the Interest of Humanity (Washington: American National Red Cross, 1898), 520. “Havana Now a Pest Hole,” NYT, May 29, 1898, 12. “Topics of the Times,” ibid., Mar. 18, 1897, 6. “Smallpox Ravaging Cuba,” ibid., Mar. 31, 1897, 2. “Big Conspiracy in Cuba,” ibid., Jan. 1, 1898, 3.
41 Senn, “Invasion of Porto Rico,” 369, 370, 372.
42 De Bevoise, Agents of Apocalypse, ix, 8–44, esp. 18; Smallman-Raynor and Cliff, War Epidemics, 311.
43 De Bevoise, Agents of Apocalypse, 41.
44 Hoyt quoted in Anderson, Colonial Pathologies, 38–39; ibid., 31. See Senn, “Invasion of Puerto Rico,” 369.
45 John Van Rensselaer Hoff, “The Share of the ‘White Man’s Burden’ That Has Fallen to the Medical Departments of the Public Services in Puerto Rico,” PMJ, 5 (Apr. 7, 1900), 797. De Bevoise, Agents of Apocalypse, 43. Arnold, “Smallpox and Colonial Medicine,” 48.
46 McCulloch, “Scientific and Administrative Achievement,” 422. Mary C. Gillett, “U.S. Army Medical Officers and Public Health in the Philippines in the Wake of the Spanish-American War, 1898–1905,” BHM, 64 (1990), 567–81, esp. 581. Foster, “Demands of Humanity,” ch. 3, 4–5. See Davison, “Sanitary Work.”
47 John Van R. Hoff, “Report of the Superior Board of Health of Porto Rico,” June 30, 1900, in USPRMG 1900, 479.
48 Davison, “Sanitary Work,” 2130. George M. Sternberg, “Report of the Surgeon General,” in USWDAR 1899, Reports of the Chiefs of Bureaus, vol. 1, part 2: 597–98. P. Villoldo, “Smallpox and Vaccination in Cuba,” 1914