Pox_ An American History - Michael Willrich [223]
28 “Camden’s Lockjaw Panic.” “No Vaccination in Camden’s Boundaries.” Cooper v. Shore Elec. Co., 63 N.J.: 558 (1899). See John Fabian Witt, “From Loss of Services to Loss of Support: The Wrongful Death Statutes, the Origins of Modern Tort Law, and the Making of the Nineteenth-Century Family,” Law and Social Inquiry, 25 (2000), 717–55; Vivian A. Zelizer, Pricing the Priceless Child: The Changing Social Value of Children (New York: Basic Books, 1985), ch. 5.
29 “Camden’s Lockjaw Panic.” “No Vaccination in Camden’s Boundaries.” “Epidemic of Lockjaw Arouses a Whole City.” “Tetanus Following Vaccination,” MN, Nov. 23, 1901, 829.
30 “Tetanus in Philadelphia,” NYT, Nov. 19, 1901. “Commercial Virus and Antitoxin,” ibid., Nov. 18, 1901, 6. On Atlantic City (Bessie Kessler, age nine), see “Death in Atlantic City,” NYT, Nov. 19, 1901. “Vaccination Proves Fatal,” SFC, Nov. 19, 1901, 4. On Bristol (Joseph Goldie), see “Tetanus Follows Vaccination,” CO, Nov. 19, 1901, 4. See also “St. Louis; Camden, N.J.; Bristol, Pa.,” Duluth News Tribune (Minnesota), Nov. 15, 1901, 4; “Compulsory Vaccination Exciting Camden, N. J.,” Wilkes-Barre Times, Nov. 20, 1901, 1. On Cleveland, see Martin Friedrich, “How We Rid Cleveland of Smallpox,” CMJ, 1 (Feb. 1902), 77–83, esp. 79. Joseph McFarland, “Tetanus and Vaccination: An Analytical Study of 95 Cases of the Complication,” Lancet, Sept. 13, 1902, 730–35, esp. 731.
31 “A Health Board Arraigned,” NYT, Nov. 19, 1901. “The St. Louis Tragedy,” Medical Dial (Minneapolis), 3 (December 1901), 301–2. “St. Louis; Camden, N.J.; Bristol, Pa.,” Duluth News-Tribune, Nov. 15, 1901, 4. A separate committee, appointed by the St. Louis Board of Health, later confirmed the coroner’s judgment and recommended that the Health Department stop making antitoxin. The department complied. Ramunas A. Kondratas, “The Biologics Control Act of 1902,” in The Early Years of Federal Food and Drug Control, ed. James Harvey Young (Madison, WI: American Institute of the History of Pharmacy, 1982), 15.
32 “A Tempest in Rochester: Frightened Parents Refuse to Allow School Children to Be Vaccinated,” NYTRIB, Nov. 20, 1901, 6.
33 “No Vaccination in Camden’s Boundaries.” “Resolutions of the Camden Board of Health,” MN, Nov. 23, 1901, 828. “Lockjaw Checks All Vaccination,” PNA, Nov. 19, 1901, 3.
34 See Louis Galambos with Jane Eliot Sewell, Networks of Innovation: Vaccine Development at Merck, Sharp & Dohme, and Mulford, 1895–1995 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995); Liebenau, Medical Science and Medical Industry; John P. Swann, Academic Scientists and the Pharmaceutical Industry: Cooperative Research in Twentieth-Century America (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988).
35 For a lucid short discussion, see Ian Glynn and Jenifer Glynn, The Life and Death of Smallpox, 177–89.
36 NCBOH 1897–98, 35. Chapin, Municipal Sanitation, 580. Donald R. Hopkins, Princes and Peasants, 77–81. Fenner et al., Smallpox and Its Eradication, 263.
37 George Henry Fox, A Practical Treatise on Smallpox, 26. Herbert Spencer, Facts and Comments (New York: D.Appleton and Co., 1902), 271, 107. USROSENAU, 6. Hopkins, Princes and Peasants, 85. The persistent association of vaccination with syphilis persisted long after the curtailment of the arm-to-arm method ended the problem. See, e.g., Sylvanus Stall, What a Young Man Ought to Know, rev. ed. (Philadelphia: Vir Publishing Company, 1904), 142.
38 Francis G. Martin, “The Propagation, Preservation, and Use of Vaccine Virus,” address to the American Medical Association, May 7, 1896, in IBOH 1897, 169.
39 Samuel W. Abbott, “Vaccination,” in A Reference Handbook of the Medical Sciences, rev. ed. by Albert H. Buck, vol. 8 (New York: William Wood and Company, 1904), 111–53, esp. 133–34.
40 Abbott, “Vaccination,” 133–34.
41 Martin ad in BMSJ, unpaginated advertising sheet, Aug. 29, 1872. “A Vaccination Farm,” Arkansas