Pox_ An American History - Michael Willrich [226]
70 John W. LeSeur, “Vaccination, A Privilege or a Duty?” in Transactions of the Homeopathic Medical Society of the State of New York for the Year 1902, vol. 37 (Rochester, 1902), 52.
71 Theobald Smith, “The Preparation of Animal Vaccine,” in MC, Jan. 1, 1902, 114–15.
72 Dalton, “Responsibility for the Recent Deaths,” 35. On decommodification, see Daniel T. Rodgers, Atlantic Crossings: Social Politics in a Progressive Age (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 1998); Amy Dru Stanley, From Bondage to Contract: Wage Labor, Marriage, and the Market in the Age of Slave Emancipation (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998), 267–68.
73 Eugene A. Darling, “Vaccination: The Technique,” MC, Jan. 1, 1902, 118. Ann Bowman Jannetta, “Public Health and the Diffusion of Vaccination in Japan,” in Asian Population History, ed. Ts’uijung Liu, et al. (New York, 2001), 292–305. “Hearing Over,” BG, Feb. 5, 1902, 4. “Death from Lockjaw,” CC, Jan. 4, 1902, 5. R. E. Doolittle, “Inspection of Imported Food and Drug Products,” Yearbook of the United States Department of Agriculture, 1910 (Washington, 1911), 201.
74 “Regulation of Serum” [from American Medicine], WP, Dec. 25, 1901, 11. “Should Cities Go into the Drug Business?” St. Louis Medical and Surgical Reporter, 74 (March 1898), 152. “Vaccine Makers Protest,” WP, Mar. 16, 1900, 5. “On Government Competition,” ADPR, Oct. 14, 1901, 218. W. R. Inge Dalton, “Municipal Socialism of a Dangerous Kind,” letter to the editor, NYT, Nov. 18, 1901, 5. Daniel DeLeon, “Hiding Their Own Crimes,” Daily People, Nov. 19, 1901, http://www.slp.org/pdf/de_leon/eds1901/nov19_1901.pdf, accessed Feb. 23, 2009. Practical considerations also worked against manufacture by state and local health boards. In many states, the limited demand for the product during long periods when smallpox was not prevalent could not justify the cost of maintaining a state farm. The southern states had virtually no vaccine production facilities, either state or commercial; even in states with relatively strong health boards, such as Kentucky and North Carolina, officials were content to recommend vaccines manufactured in the Northeast or Middle West. See Gardner T. Swarts, “Is It Advisable for a State to Provide Vaccine Virus,” in PABOH 1900, 467–68.
75 Editorial favorably quoting an unnamed writer, in “The St. Louis Tragedy,” Medical Dial, 3 (Dec. 1901), 302. “Vaccine and Antitoxin,” NYT, Dec. 8, 1901, 6. “Government Control of Therapeutic Serums, Vaccine, Etc.,” MR, Mar. 29, 1902, 495. See “Topics of the Times,” NYT, Mar. 20, 1902, 8. “Vaccine Virus and Antitoxin,” Sanitarian, May 1902, 417. In 1898, the New York County Medical Society had sponsored a bill in the New York Senate to prevent the health department from selling its vaccine and antitoxin. Duffy, Public Health in New York City, 241.1.
76 “Regulation of Serum.” “Government Control of Therapeutic Serums, Vaccine, Etc.,” MR, Mar. 29, 1902, 495. Kondratas, “Biologics Control Act,” 17.
77 “Government Control of Therapeutic Serums,” 495. “Discussion,” Transactions of the Homeopathic Medical Society of the State of New York for the Year 1902, vol. 37 (Rochester, 1902), 60.
78 Woodward memorandum dated April 24, 1902, in U.S. Doc. 4407, 57th Congress, 1st Session, H.R. Reports, Vol. 9, No. 2713, “Sale of Viruses, Etc., in the District of Columbia,” June 27, 1902, 4. “Cost of Street Cleaning,” WP, Apr. 5, 1902, 11. “Regulates Sale of Virus,” WP, May 3, 1902, 14.
79 Kober memorandum dated April 16, 1902, in H. R., “Sale of Viruses, Etc., in the District of Columbia,” 4. See also U.S. Doc 4264, 57th Congress, 1st Session, Senate Reports, vol. 9, no. 1980, “Sale of Viruses, Etc., in the District of Columbia, June 19, 1902. “Virus Sale Licenses,” WP, Apr. 22, 1902, 12.
80 Walsh to Dr. Joseph McFarland, Dec. 4, 1901, quoted in Liebenau, Medical Science and Medical Industry, 85. “Cleveland Experiment,” 581.