Pox_ An American History - Michael Willrich [243]
105 Jacobson v. Massachusetts, 197 U.S. 11, 22–24 (1905).
106 Jacobson v. Massachusetts, 197 U.S. 11, 26 (1905).
107 Jacobson v. Massachusetts, 197 U.S. 11, 27–29 (1905).
108 Jacobson v. Massachusetts, 197 U.S. 11, 28 (1905).
109 Jacobson v. Massachusetts, 197 U.S. 11, 28–39 (1905).
110 Jacobson v. Massachusetts, 197 U.S. 11, 39 (1905).
111 “Compulsory Vaccination,” editorial, Wisconsin Medical Journal, 3 (March 1905), 588. Dr. Hix of Binghamton, New York, in New York State Department of Health, Proceedings of the Conference of Sanitary Officers of the State of New York (Albany, 1905), 38. “Compulsory Vaccination,” Boston Journal, Feb. 22, 1905, 6. Untitled editorial, NYT, Feb. 22, 1905, 6. See also “Vaccination Right,” BG, Feb. 21, 1905, 7; “Vaccination by Law,” WP, Feb. 21, 1905, 11; “A Test Case,” CC, Feb. 25, 1905, 12.
112 Untitled editorial item, Book Notes, May 6, 1905, 71. “Compulsory Vaccination,” Medical Advance, March 1905, 166. On antivaccinationism in the 1910s and 1920s, see James Colgrove, State of Immunity, 45–80.
113 “The State’s Police Power,” NYTRIB, Feb. 26, 1905, 8.
114 Lochner v. New York, 198 U.S. 45 ( 1905). E. F. [Ernst Freund], “Limitations of Hours of Labor and the Federal Supreme Court,” Green Bag, 17 (July 1905), 411–17.
115 Lochner v. New York, 198 U.S. 45, 72 (1905).
116 Lochner v. New York, 198 U.S. 45, 75–76 (1905).
117 Charles Warren, “The Progressiveness of the United States Supreme Court,” Columbia Law Review , 13 (1913). On the “myth” of Lochner, see William J. Novak, “The Myth of the ‘Weak’ American State,” American Historical Review, 113 (2008): 752–72. For a fuller discussion of legal progressivism and the police power after Lochner, see Willrich, City of Courts, esp. 96–115. See also Morton J. Horwitz, The Transformation of American Law, 1870–1960: The Crisis of Legal Orthodoxy (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992).
118 William Howard Taft, The Anti-Trust Act and the Supreme Court (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1914), 43–44, 45.
119 Investigation Case Files of the Bureau of Investigation 1908–1922, Old German Files, 1909–1921, National Archives and Record Administration, Case # 17615; Case Title: Sedition; Suspect Name: Lora C. Little. Ibid., Case # 175676; Case Title: Neutrality Matter; Suspect Name: William Heupel. Ibid., Case # 178488; Case Title: General War Matter; Suspect Name: Mrs. Walter B. Henderson. I accessed these files via the online database Footnote.com, Dec. 10, 2007.
120 Holmes to Hand, June 24, 1918, in Gerald Gunther, “Learned Hand and the Origins of Modern First Amendment Doctrine: Some Fragments of History,” Stanford Law Review, 27 (1975), Appendix, 757.
121 Schenck v. U.S., 249 U.S. 47, 52 (1919). Abrams v. U.S., 250 U.S. 616, 628 (1919), emphasis added. For a fascinating analysis of “Holmes’s Transformation in Abrams,” see David M. Rabban, Free Speech in Its Forgotten Years, 346–54.
122 Buck v. Bell, 274 U.S. 200, 207 (1927).
123 Michigan v. Tyler, 436 U.S. 499, 509 (1977). Hamdi v. Rumsfeld, 542 U.S. 508, 592 (2004) (Justice Thomas dissenting opinion).
124 Concurring opinion in Doe v. Bolton, 410 U.S. 179, 213–14 (1973). Majority opinion in Planned Parenthood v. Casey, 404 U.S. 833, 857 (1992).
125 Jacobson v. Massachusetts, 197 U.S. 11, 29.
EPILOGUE
1 BOSHD 1902, 36. Michael R. Albert et al., “The Last Smallpox Epidemic in Boston and the Vaccination Controversy, 1901–1903,” NEJM, 344 (2001), 377. John Duffy, A History of Public Health in New York City, 564. Gretchen A. Condran et al., “The Decline in Mortality in Philadelphia from 1870–1930: The Role of Municipal Services,” in Sickness and Health in America, 3rd ed., ed. Judith Walzer Leavitt and Ronald L. Numbers, 452–66. “Seattle’s worst smallpox epidemic was in 1901–02; 642 reported cases, four deaths.” “Medicine: Smallpox Epidemic,” Time, Apr. 8, 1946.
2 C.-E. A. Winslow, “The Untilled Fields of Public Health,” SCI, 51 (Jan. 9, 1920), 30. On this