Quantum_ Einstein, Bohr and the Great Debate About the Nature of Reality - Manjit Kumar [210]
58 Pais (1986), quoted p. 257.
59 Pais (1986), quoted p. 257.
60 Pais (2000), quoted p. 39.
61 Mehra and Rechenberg (1987), Vol. 5, Pt. 2, quoted p. 827. Letter from Schrödinger to Wien, 25 August 1926.
62 Mehra and Rechenberg (1987), Vol. 5, Pt. 2, quoted p. 828. Letter from Schrödinger to Born, 2 November 1926.
63 Heitler (1961), quoted p. 223.
64 Moore (1989), quoted p. 222.
65 Moore (1989), quoted p. 222.
66 Heisenberg (1971), p. 73.
67 Cassidy (1992), quoted p. 222. Letter from Heisenberg to Pascual Jordan, 28 July 1926.
68 Cassidy (1992), quoted p. 222. Letter from Heisenberg to Pascual Jordan, 28 July 1926.
69 Mehra and Rechenberg (1987), Vol. 5, Pt. 2, quoted p. 625. Letter from Bohr to Schrödinger, 11 September 1926.
70 Heisenberg (1971), p. 73.
71 Heisenberg (1971), p. 73.
72 See Heisenberg (1971), pp. 73–5 for the complete reconstruction of this particular exchange between Schrödinger and Bohr.
73 Heisenberg (1971), p. 76.
74 Moore (1989), p. 228. Letter from Schrödinger to Wilhelm Wien, 21 October 1926.
75 Mehra and Rechenberg (1987), Vol. 5, Pt. 2, quoted p. 826. Letter from Schrödinger to Wilhelm Wien, 21 October 1926.
76 Born (2005), p. 88. Letter from Einstein to Born, 4 December 1926.
CHAPTER 10:
UNCERTAINTY IN COPENHAGEN
1 Heisenberg (1971), p. 62.
2 Heisenberg (1971), p. 62.
3 Heisenberg (1971), p. 62.
4 Heisenberg (1971), p. 62.
5 Heisenberg (1971), p. 63.
6 Heisenberg (1971), p. 63.
7 Heisenberg (1971), p. 63.
8 Werner Heisenberg, AHQP interview, 30 November 1962.
9 Heisenberg (1971), p. 63.
10 Heisenberg (1971), p. 63.
11 Heisenberg (1971), p. 64.
12 Heisenberg (1971), p. 64.
13 Heisenberg (1971), p. 64.
14 Heisenberg (1971), p. 65.
15 Cassidy (1992), quoted p. 218.
16 Pais (1991), quoted p. 296. Letter from Bohr to Rutherford, 15 May 1926.
17 Heisenberg (1971), p. 76.
18 Cassidy (1992), quoted p. 219.
19 Pais (1991), quoted p. 297.
20 Robertson (1979), quoted p. 111.
21 Pais (1991), quoted p. 300.
22 Heisenberg (1967), p. 104.
23 Mehra and Rechenberg (2000), Vol. 6, Pt. 1, quoted p. 235. Letter from Einstein to Paul Ehrenfest, 28 August 1926.
24 Werner Heisenberg, AHQP interview, 25 February 1963.
25 Werner Heisenberg, AHQP interview, 25 February 1963.
26 Werner Heisenberg, AHQP interview, 25 February 1963.
27 Heisenberg (1971), p. 77.
28 Heisenberg (1971), p. 77.
29 Heisenberg (1971), p. 77.
30 Heisenberg (1971), p. 77.
31 In another of his later writings, Heisenberg expressed the crucial switch in the question to answer: 'Instead of asking: How can one in the known mathematical scheme express a given experimental situation? The other question was put: Is it true, perhaps, that only such experimental situations can arise in nature as can be expressed in the mathematical formalism?' Heisenberg (1989), p. 30.
32 Heisenberg (1971), p. 78.
33 Heisenberg (1971), p. 78.
34 Heisenberg (1971), p. 79.
35 Momentum is preferred over velocity because it appears in fundamental equations of both classical and quantum mechanics. Both physical variables are intimately connected by the fact that momentum is just mass times velocity – even for a fast-moving electron with corrections imposed by the special theory of relativity.
36 As pointed out by Max Jammer (1974), Heisenberg used Ungenauigkeit (inexactness, imprecision) or Genauigkeit (precision, degree of precision). These two terms appear more than 30 times in his paper, whereas Unbestimmtheit (indeterminacy) appears only twice and Unsicherheit (uncertainty) three times.
37 Heisenberg in his published paper actually put it as pq~h, or p times q is approximately Planck's constant.
38 There were occasions over the years when Heisenberg seemed to suggest that it was our knowledge of the atomic world that was indeterminate: 'The uncertainty principle