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refers to the degree of indeterminateness in the possible present knowledge of the simultaneous values of the various quantities with which quantum theory deals …', rather than an intrinsic feature of nature. See Heisenberg (1949), p. 20.

39 Heisenberg (1927), p. 68. An English translation can be found in Wheeler and Zurek (1983), pp. 62–84. All page references refer to this reprint.

40 Heisenberg (1927), p. 68.

41 Heisenberg (1927), p. 68.

42 Heisenberg (1989), p. 30.

43 Heisenberg (1927), p. 62.

44 Heisenberg (1989), p. 31.

45 Heisenberg (1927), p. 63.

46 Heisenberg (1927), p. 64.

47 Heisenberg (1927), p. 65.

48 Heisenberg (1989), p. 36.

49 Mehra and Rechenberg (2000), Vol. 6, Pt. 1, quoted p. 146. Letter from Pauli to Heisenberg, 19 October 1926.

50 Mehra and Rechenberg (2000), Vol. 6, Pt. 1, quoted p. 147. Letter from Pauli to Heisenberg, 19 October 1926.

51 Mehra and Rechenberg (2000), Vol. 6, Pt. 1, quoted p. 146. Letter from Pauli to Heisenberg, 19 October 1926.

52 Mehra and Rechenberg (2000), Vol. 6, Pt. 1, quoted p. 93.

53 Pais (1991), quoted p. 304. Letter from Heisenberg to Bohr, 10 March 1927.

54 Pais (1991), quoted p. 304.

55 Cassidy (1992), quoted p. 241. Letter from Heisenberg to Pauli, 4 April 1927.

56 Werner Heisenberg, AHQP interview, 25 February 1963.

57 Werner Heisenberg, AHQP interview, 25 February 1963.

58 Werner Heisenberg, AHQP interview, 25 February 1963.

59 Heisenberg (1927), p. 82.

60 The original German title was: 'Über den anschaulichen Inhalt der quanten theoretischen Kinematik und Mechanik', Zeitschrift für Physik, 43, 172–98 (1927). See Wheeler and Zurek (1983), pp. 62–84.

61 Mehra and Rechenberg (2000), Vol. 6, Pt. 1, quoted p. 182. Letter from Heisenberg to Pauli, 4 April 1927.

62 Bohr (1949), p. 210.

63 There was a subtle difference between wave-particle complementarity and that involving any pair of physical observables like position and momentum. According to Bohr, the complementary wave and particle aspects of an electron or light are mutually exclusive. It is one or the other. However, only if either position or momentum of an electron, for example, is measured with pinpoint certainty are position and momentum mutually exclusive. Otherwise, the precision with which both can be measured and therefore known is given by the position-momentum uncertainty relation.

64 BCW, Vol. 6, p. 147.

65 BCW, Vol. 3, p. 458.

66 Werner Heisenberg, AHQP interview, 25 February 1963.

67 Werner Heisenberg, AHQP interview, 25 February 1963.

68 Bohr (1949), p. 210.

69 Bohr (1928), p. 53.

70 BCW, Vol. 6, p. 91.

71 Mehra and Rechenberg (2000), Vol. 6, Pt. 1, quoted p. 187. Letter from Bohr to Einstein, 13 April 1927.

72 Mehra and Rechenberg (2000), Vol. 6, Pt. 1, quoted p. 187. Letter from Bohr to Einstein, 13 April 1927.

73 BCW, Vol. 6, p. 418. Letter from Bohr to Einstein, 13 April 1927.

74 Mackinnon (1982), quoted p. 258. Letter from Heisenberg to Pauli, 31 May 1927.

75 Cassidy (1992), quoted p. 243. Letter from Heisenberg to Pauli, 16 May 1927. Heisenberg uses the symbol that means 'approximately'.

76 Mehra and Rechenberg (2000), Vol. 6, Pt. 1, quoted p. 183. Letter from Heisenberg to Pauli, 16 May 1927.

77 Heisenberg (1927), p. 83.

78 Mehra and Rechenberg (2000), Vol. 6, Pt. 1, quoted p. 184. Letter from Heisenberg to Pauli, 3 June 1927.

79 Heisenberg (1971), p. 79.

80 Pais (1991), quoted p. 309. Letter from Heisenberg to Bohr, 18 June 1927.

81 Pais (1991), quoted p. 309. Letter from Heisenberg to Bohr, 21 August 1927.

82 Cassidy (1992), quoted p. 218. Letter from Heisenberg to his parents, 29 April 1926.

83 Pais (2000), quoted p. 136.

84 Pais (1991), quoted p. 309. Letter from Heisenberg to Pauli, 16 May 1927.

85 Heisenberg (1989), p. 30.

86 Heisenberg (1989), p. 30.

87 Heisenberg (1927), p. 83.

88 Heisenberg (1927), p. 83.

89 Heisenberg (1927), p. 83.