Rome's Gothic Wars_ From the Third Century to Alaric - Michael Kulikowski [105]
Valentinian Ⅱ
emperor 375–392. Made emperor upon his father Valentinian I’s death in 375, he was always dominated by others, first his mother Justina and his elder half-brother Gratian, then Theodosius Ⅰ. Restored to his throne by Theodosius after being driven from Italy by Magnus Maximus, he was left behind in Gaul as a puppet emperor under the supervision of Arbogast and hanged himself in 392.
Valentinian Ⅲ
emperor 425–455 and the only son of Galla Placidia and Constantius Ⅲ, he ruled the western empire for thirty years.
Valerian
emperor 253–260, father of Gallienus and active mainly in the East, he was captured on campaign against the Persians and held in captivity until his death.
Vespasian
emperor 69–79.
Victor
general of Valens who arranged peace with the Gothic iudex Athanaric in 369, and later negotiated peace terms with Persia in 377.
Videric
Gothic king of the Greuthungi and son of Vithimir, he became king as a child under the regency of the duces Alatheus and Saphrax.
Vithimir
Gothic king of the Greuthungi and father of Videric, he succeeded Ermanaric but died in battle against the Huns.
Wallia
Gothic king 415–418 and successor of Athaulf, he returned Galla Placidia and Priscus Attalus to Honorius and fought on behalf of the imperial government in Spain.
Wereka
Gothic priest and martyr whose relics were deposited at Cyzicus by the Gothic noblewoman Dulcilla.
Wiguric
Gothic king responsible for the death of the various Gothic martyrs whose relics were deposited at Cyzicus by the Gothic noblewoman Dulcilla.
Further Reading
The critical editions of Greek and Latin authors from which I cite are listed at the start of the endnotes. Fortunately for the beginning student and general reader, nearly all the primary sources that bear on the Goths are now readily available in English translation, which should allow readers to check the basis of my conclusions if they wish to do so. Among Latin writers, our most important source is Ammianus Marcellinus, available in an excellent but abridged translation by Walter Hamilton in the Penguin Classics and an occasionally misleading but complete version by J. C. Rolfe in the Loeb Classical Library, which also includes the text of the Origo Constantini. For the later period, the poems of Claudian are indispensable, and can be read in the two-volume Loeb translation of M. Platnauer, while Rutilius Namatianus is included in the Loeb Minor Latin Poets, volume 2. Lactantius’ Deaths of the Persecutors is translated in the edition of J. L. Creed (Oxford, 1984), and the Latin panegyrics are translated by Barbara Saylor Rodgers and C. E. V. Nixon, In Praise of Later Roman Emperors (Berkeley, 1995). Orosius’ Seven Books against the Pagans is available in a Fathers of the Church translation by R. Deferrari (Washington, DC, 1964). Jordanes deserves to be read in full, if only to demonstrate how far-fetched the narrative that surrounds his migration stories really is, and the translation of C. C. Mierow (Princeton, 1915) is sound if slightly archaic.
Among the Greek sources, Zosimus’ New History can be read in the translation of R. Ridley (Canberra, 1982). The fragments of Eunapius and Olympiodorus are readily available in R. Blockley, The Fragmentary Classicising Historians of Late Antiquity, volume 2 (Liverpool, 1983), with facing Greek text. The emperor Julian’s works are translated in a three-volume Loeb edition; Basil of Caesarea’s letters are in a four-volume Loeb. Several relevant Themistian orations are translated in Peter Heather and David Moncur, Philosophy, Politics and Empire in the Fourth Century: Select Orations of Themistius (Liverpool, 2001). Substantial parts of Libanius’ corpus are now available between four Loeb volumes and two volumes in the Liverpool series: A. F. Norman, Antioch as a Centre of Hellenic Culture as Observed by Libanius (2001)