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21. Sierra Club. The Rap Sheet on Animal Factories, August 2002. Online: www.sierraclub.org.
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25. Levy SB, FitzGerald GB, Macone AB. Changes in intestinal flora of farm personnel after introduction of a tetracycline-supplemented feed on a farm. NEJM 1976;295:583–588. An entertaining (and accurate) source, far ahead of its time, is Schell O. Modern Meat: Antibiotics, Hormones, and the Pharmaceutical Farm. New York: Random House, 1984.
26. Burros M. F.D.A. proposal on meat safety draws criticism. NYT, June 8, 1983:C1. Wright K. The policy response: in limbo. Science 1990;249:24.
27. National Research Council. The Use of Drugs in Food Animals: Benefits and Risks. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1999:9.
28. Leonard R. Drugs as feed additives increase risk to health. Nutrition Week, August 7, 1998:4–5. For the science behind these arguments, see: Smith KE, Besser JM, Hedberg CW, et al. Quinolone-resistant Campylobacter jejuni infections in Minnesota, 1992–1998. NEJM 1999;340:1525–1532. Witte W. Medical consequences of antibiotic use in agriculture. Science 1998;279:996–997. Levy SB. Private arsenals and public peril. NEJM 1998;338:1375–1378.
29. Federal policy statements: FDA. Guidance for Industry. Consideration of the Human Health Impact of the Microbial Effects of Antimicrobial New Animal Drugs Intended for Use in Food-Producing Animals, December 13, 1999, at www.fda.gov/OHRMS/DOCKETS/98fr/122399d.txt. GAO. Food Safety: The Agricultural Use of Antibiotics and Its Implications for Human Health (GAO/RCED-99-74), April 1999. CDC. Draft—A Public Health Action Plan to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance, June 2000, at www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/actionplan/aractionplan.pdf. Three papers in the October 18, 2001, NEJM describe the supermarket findings (2001;345:1147–1166), as does an accompanying editorial: Gorbach S. Antimicrobial use in animal feed—time to stop. NEJM 2001;345:1202–1203.
30. Mellon M, Benbrook C, Benbrook KL. Hogging It! Estimates of Antimicrobial Abuse in Livestock. Washington, DC: Union of Concerned Scientists, 2001. Barza M, Gorbach S, DeVincent SJ, eds. The need to improve antimicrobial use in agriculture: ecological and human health consequences. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2002;34 Suppl 3:71–143. Osvath R. Bill would phase out fluoroquinolones, other antibiotics. FCN, March 4, 2002:6–7.
31. Brody JE. Studies find resistant bacteria in meats. NYT, October 18, 2001:A12.
32. Ferber D. Livestock feed ban preserves drugs