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Safe Food_ Bacteria, Biotechnology, and Bioterrorism - Marion Nestle [195]

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M, Pope L. Plant Biotechnology: Out of the Laboratory and into the Field (Agricultural Economic Report No. 697), USDA, 1995. Leary W. Cornucopia of new foods is seen as policy on engineering is eased. NYT, May 27, 1992:A1. Brownlee S. Dollars for DNA: biotech seems near to living up to its hype. US News & World Report, May 25, 1998:48,50. Agricultural biotechnology. Nature Biotechnology 2000;18(suppl):IT59–IT61.

7. Vidal J. Special report: GM food debate. Guardian (London), August 28, 2001. The planting figures may be conservative; Monsanto alone claimed 103 million acres in 2000.

8. A group called Syracuse Cultural Workers produces a t-shirt satirizing the original Monsanto slogan as Lies, Death, Profits, at http://syracuseculturalworkers.com/aboutus.

9. Monsanto. 2000 Annual Report. Online: www.monsanto.com. Pharmacia divested its 84% stake in Monsanto in 2002.

10. Enriquez J, Goldberg R. Gene Research, the Mapping of Life, and the Global Economy (case study). Boston: Harvard Business School, October 16, 1998.

11. Caswell MF, Fuglie KO, Klotz CA. Agricultural Biotechnology: An Economic Perspective (Agricultural Economic Report No. 687). USDA, 1994. Pennisi E. A bonanza for plant genomics. Science 1998;282:652–654.

12. Bokanga M. Biotechnology and cassava processing in Africa. Food Technology 1995;49:86–90. Knorr D. Improving food biotechnology resources and strategies in developing countries. Food Technology 1995;49:91–93. Messer E. Sources of institutional funding for agrobiotechnology for developing countries. Advanced Technology Assessment Systems 1992;9:371–378.

13. Beachy R. Transferring genes. In: Burke WS, ed. Symbol, substance, science: the societal issues of food biotechnology (proceedings of a conference, July 28–29, 1993). Research Triangle Park, NC: USDA Office of Agricultural Biotechnology and North Carolina Biotechnology Center, 1993:45–51,61. Beachy RN. Facing fear of biotechnology. Science 1999;285:335. Dr. Beachy is now president of the Donald Danforth Plant Science Center in St. Louis, MO. Although the center is listed on the Monsanto Web site as a partner, Dr. Beachy says he has not been funded by Monsanto since 1991 (see letters to the editor: Science 1999;285:1489).

14. Sommer A, West KP. Vitamin A Deficiency: Health, Survival, and Vision. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. Sommer A. Vitamin A Deficiency and Its Consequences: A Field Guide to Detection and Control. 3rd ed. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1995.

15. Yoon CK. Stalked by deadly virus, papaya lives to breed again. NYT, July 20, 1999:F3.

16. Hamilton JO. Biotech: an industry crowded with players faces an ugly reckoning. Business Week, September 26, 1994:84–92.

17. Wambugu F. Biotechnology: protesters don’t grasp Africa’s need. Los Angeles Times, November 11, 2001:M1. Wambugu FM. Modifying Africa: How Biotechnology Can Benefit the Poor and Hungry, A Case Study from Kenya, Nairobi, 2001.

18. Monsanto. Meeting the World’s Needs with Fewer Resources (press release). St. Louis, MO, 1996. Council for Biotechnology Information. Biotechnology and the Developing World (leaflet). The council’s public relations materials appear online at www.whybiotech.com.

19. Ye X, Al-Babili S, Klöti A, et al. Engineering the provitamin A (β-carotene) biosynthetic pathway into (carotenoid-free) rice endosperm. Science 2000;287: 303–305. Heldt H-W. Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.

20. Dary O, Mora JO. Food fortification to reduce vitamin A deficiency: International Vitamin A Consultative Group recommendations. J Nutrition 2002; 132:2927S–2933S.

21. Normile D. Rockefeller to end network after 15 years of success. Science 1999;286:1468–1469. Christensen J. Golden Rice in a grenade-proof greenhouse. NYT, November 21, 2000:F1,F5. Normile D. Monsanto donates its share of Golden Rice. Science 2000;289:843-845. The scientists describe the patent and legal issues in: Beyer P, Al-Babili S, Ye S, et al. Golden Rice: introducing the β-carotene biosynthesis pathway into rice endosperm by genetic engineering

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