Schaum's Outline of Latin Grammar - Alan Fishbone [19]
tIAÅra
Exercises
10. Conjugate the following verbs in the present subjunctive active: 1. paroÅ, paraÅre, paraÅvõÅ, paraÅtus
Singular
Plural
1st
_____________
_____________
2nd
_____________
_____________
3rd
_____________
_____________
2. facioÅ, facere, feÅcõÅ, factus
Singular
Plural
1st
_____________
_____________
2nd
_____________
_____________
3rd
_____________
_____________
CHAPTER 4 The Verb
47
11. Conjugate the following verbs in the present subjunctive passive.
1. habeoÅ, habeÅre, habuõÅ, habitus
Singular
Plural
1st
_____________
_____________
2nd
_____________
_____________
3rd
_____________
_____________
2. duÅcoÅ, duÅcere, duÅxõÅ, ductus
Singular
Plural
1st
_____________
_____________
2nd
_____________
_____________
3rd
_____________
_____________
IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE ACTIVE
This tense is formed using the entire second principal part for its stem. The ®nal -e is lengthened and the active personal endings applied: Sing. 1st
amaÅrem
teneÅrem
dõÅcerem
caperem
audõÅrem
2nd amaÅreÅs
teneÅreÅs
dõÅcereÅs
capereÅs
audõÅreÅs
3rd amaÅret
teneÅret
dõÅceret
caperet
audõÅret
Plur.
1st
amaÅreÅmus teneÅreÅmus dõÅcereÅmus capereÅmus audõÅreÅmus 2nd amaÅreÅtis
teneÅreÅtis
dõÅcereÅtis
capereÅtis
audõÅreÅtis
3rd amaÅrent
teneÅrent
dõÅcerent
caperent
audõÅrent
IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE PASSIVE
This tense is formed like the active, with the passive personal endings: Sing. 1st
amaÅrer
teneÅrer
dõÅcerer
caperer
audõÅrer
2nd amaÅreÅris
teneÅreÅris
dõÅcereÅris
capereÅris
audõÅreÅris
amaÅreÅre
teneÅreÅre
dõÅcereÅre
capereÅre
audõÅreÅre
3rd amaÅreÅtur
teneÅreÅtur
dõÅcereÅtur
capereÅtur
audõÅreÅtur
Plur. 1st
amaÅreÅmur teneÅreÅmur dõÅcereÅmur capereÅmur audõÅreÅmur 2nd amaÅreÅminõÅ teneÅreÅminõÅ dõÅcereÅminõÅ capereÅminõÅ audõÅreÅminõÅ
3rd amaÅrentur teneÅrentur dõÅcerentur caperentur audõÅrentur Note: Because the entire in®nitive is used as the stem, there is no real distinction among conjugations in the imperfect subjunctive.
48
CHAPTER 4 The Verb
Exercises
12. Conjugate the verb facioÅ, facere, feÅcõÅ, factus in the imperfect subjunctive active.
Singular
Plural
1st
_____________
_____________
2nd
_____________
_____________
3rd
_____________
_____________
13. Conjugate the verb duÅcoÅ, duÅcere, duÅxõÅ, ductus in the imperfect subjunctive passive.
Singular
Plural
1st
_____________
_____________
2nd
_____________
_____________
3rd
_____________
_____________
PRESENT IMPERATIVE ACTIVE
The present imperative singular is formed by dropping the -re from the second principal part. The plural takes the ending -te:
Sing.
amaÅ
teneÅ
age
cape
audõÅ
Plur.
amaÅte
teneÅte
agite
capite
audõÅte
cape!
Take
Note: Before the ending -te in the third and fourth conjugations, the stem vowel
-i- returns.
There are four verbs that form the imperative irregularly: Sing.
Plur.
dõÅc
say
dõÅcite
duÅc
lead
duÅcite
fac
do
facite
fer
carry
ferte
PRESENT IMPERATIVE PASSIVE
The passive imperative is identical to the second-person singular and plural of the present indicative:
Plur.
amaÅre
teneÅre
agere
capere
audõÅre
Sing.
amaÅminõÅ
teneÅminõÅ
agiminõÅ
capiminõÅ
audõÅminõÅ
CHAPTER 4 The Verb
49
Note: In the singular, only the -re ending is used (not -ris). The present imperative passive is identical in form to the present in®nitive active. Context will enable you to tell the difference between them.
FUTURE IMPERATIVE ACTIVE
The future imperative has both second and third persons: Sing.
2nd
amaÅtoÅ
teneÅtoÅ
dõÅcitoÅ
capitoÅ
audõÅtoÅ
3rd
amaÅtoÅ
teneÅtoÅ
dõÅcitoÅ
capitoÅ
audõÅtoÅ
Plur.
2nd
amaÅtoÅte
teneÅtoÅte
dõÅcitoÅte
capitoÅte
audõÅtoÅte
3rd
amantoÅ
tenentoÅ
dõÅcuntoÅ
capiuntoÅ
audiuntoÅ
amantoÅ
Let them love!
The future imperative is somewhat rare, appearing mostly in legal or archaizing language.
The future passive imperative is so rare that it will not be covered in this book.
Exercises
If necessary, refer to the following list of verbs for the exercises: