Schaum's Outline of Latin Grammar - Alan Fishbone [31]
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
7. NoÅn putat tua doÅna esse tantõÅ.
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
Vocabulary
ut
just as
igitur (adv.)
therefore
seÅmen, seÅminis, n.
seed
arbor, -oÅris, m.
tree
stirps, stirpis, -ium, f.
plant
sõÅc
so
luctuoÅsus, -a, -um
distressing, grievous
Helena, -ae, f.
Helen
TroÅiaÅnus, -a, -um
Trojan
pestis, pestis, f.
destruction, pestilence
noÅmen, noÅminis, n.
name
84
CHAPTER 6 Syntax of the Noun
pax, paÅcis, f.
peace
dulcis, -e
sweet
saluÅtaÅris, -e
bene®cial, healthful
servituÅs, -tuÅtis, f.
slavery
tranquillus, -a, -um
peaceful, tranquil
lõÅbertaÅs, -taÅtis, f.
freedom
postreÅmus, -a, -um
most extreme
noÅn modo
not only
sed etiam
but also
mors, mortis, f.
death
repelloÅ, repellere
repel
numerus, -õÅ, m.
number, amount
võÅnum, -õÅ, n.
wine
pondus, ponderis, n.
weight, quantity
argentum, -õÅ, n.
silver
paucõÅ, -ae, -a
few
imperaÅtor, -oÅris, m.
commander
coÅnsilium, -õÅ, n.
advice, planning
gladius, -õÅ, m.
sword
iuÅcundus, -a, -um
pleasing
recordaÅtioÅ, -oÅnis, f.
recollection, memory
lõÅbertaÅs, -taÅtis, f.
liberty
servituÅs, -tuÅtis, f.
slavery
putoÅ, putaÅre
think
tantus, -a, -um
so great
Dative Case
The dative case can often be translated by the English prepositions to and for.
Aqua est bona puerõÅs.
Water is good for children.
Almost always you will ®nd nouns that denote people in the dative case; these are the peoplè`to'' or ``for'' whom the information in the rest of the sentence is important.
INDIRECT OBJECT
The dative is used to express the indirect object of a sentence.
CHAPTER 6 Syntax of the Noun
85
Librum poeÅtae dedõÅ.
I gave a book to the poet.
PecuÅniam tibi moÅnstraÅboÅ.
I will show the money to you.
DATIVE OF THE POSSESSOR
This dative is used in a complete sentence to say that something belongs ``to someone.'
ReÅgõÅ sunt multa animaÅlia.
To the king there are many animals.
or
The king has many animals.
PREDICATE DATIVE
This is an old and interesting use of the dative that does not much resemble its other uses.
Illa terra erit magno uÅsuõÅ.
Some suggested translations have been:
That land will bèòf great use.'
à source of great use.'
``for the purpose of great use.'
The sentence has the form of an equation in which the dative acts as the predicate: Illa terra
erit
magnoÅ usuõÅ
X
5
Y
Ventus est magnae cuÅrae.
The wind is a great concern.
This usage is often accompanied by another, more ordinary dative of reference to specify for whom the sentence is true:
NautõÅs ventus est magnae cuÅrae.
To the sailors the wind is a (source of)
great concern.
DATIVE WITH COMPOUND VERBS
Many compound verbs, that is, verbs with prepositional pre®xes attached to them, call for a referential dative:
RoÅmaÅnõÅ servituÅtem populõÅs
imposueÅrunt.
The Romans imposed slavery on the
peoples.
86
CHAPTER 6 Syntax of the Noun
It is as if the pre®x is a preposition pointing to the dative.
MuÅrum urbõÅ circumposuit.
He put a wall around the city.
DATIVE WITH CERTAIN INTRANSITIVE VERBS
Certain intransitive verbs, that is, verbs that do not take direct objects, naturally take the dative case:
PoeÅtõÅs persuaÅdeÅmus abõÅre.
We persuade the poets to go away.
ReÅgõÅ noÅn creÅdoÅ.
I do not trust the king.
This dative should be learned as a matter of vocabulary with the verbs that take it.
DATIVE OF AGENT
This dative is used mostly with the passive periphrastic (see p. 63) Urbs vincenda est mõÅlitibus.
The city must be conquered by the
soldiers.
(Literally, ` For the soldiers it is necessary for the city to be conquered.' ) Exercises
3. Translate the following. Then identify the italicized usages.
1. Mihi noÅn est gladius.
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
2. ReÅx pecuÅniam mõÅlitibus