Schaum's Outline of Latin Grammar - Alan Fishbone [32]
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3. NaÅvis poeÅtis deÅlenda erat.
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4. Urbs magnae luxuÅriae nautõÅs deÅlenda erat.
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5. Illa aqua puerõÅs noceÅbit.
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CHAPTER 6 Syntax of the Noun
87
6. Undae magnoÅ perõÅculoÅ naÅvibus sunt.
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7. Exercitum montibus postposuit.
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4. Translate the following sentences.
1. Parant ea quae uÅsuõÅ sunt oppidoÅ.
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2. Ille RoÅmaÅnae praeerat arcõÅ.
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3. Quam attulistõÅ ratioÅnem populoÅ RoÅmaÅnoÅ?
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4. AliõÅs coÅnsilium, aliõÅs animus, aliõÅs occaÅsioÅ deÅfuit; voluntaÅs neÅminõÅ.
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5. Mortem servituÅtõÅ antepoÅnaÅmus.
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Vocabulary
paroÅ, paraÅre, paraÅvõÅ, paraÅtus
prepare
uÅsus, -uÅs, m.
use, advantage
praesum
to be in charge of
arx, arcis, f.
citadel
afferoÅ
bring to
ratioÅ, -oÅnis, f.
reason, reckoning
coÅnsilium, -õÅ, n.
advice, planning
occaÅsioÅ, -oÅnis, f.
opportunity
deÅsum
to be lacking to ( dative)
voluntaÅs, -taÅtis, f.
will, intention
neÅmoÅ, neÅminis
nobody
mors, mortis, f.
death
servituÅs, -tuÅtis, f.
slavery
antepoÅnoÅ
place before, prefer
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CHAPTER 6 Syntax of the Noun
Accusative Case
DIRECT OBJECT
The accusative is used to express the direct object of a sentence.
MõÅliteÅs urbem deÅlent.
The soldiers destroy the city.
Sometimes a verb that would not normally take a direct object, e.g., eoÅ, to go, can take one naturally connected to its meaning.
iter õÅre
to go a road
viam ceÅdere
to go a road
Such a usage is called an internal or cognate accusative.
SUBJECT ACCUSATIVE OF AN INFINITIVE
In®nitives take subjects in the accusative case, most commonly in what is called indirect statement, that is, speech reported from another source. The grammar of this construction is explained in Chapter 8.
DõÅcoÅ viroÅs in via ambulaÅre.
I say that the men are walking in the
road.
ACCUSATIVE OF EXTENT OF TIME OR SPACE
This is an adverbial usage, limiting the time or space occupied by an action.
QuõÅnque annoÅs laboÅraÅveram.
I had worked for ®ve years.
Sex mõÅlia passuum processeÅrunt.
They advanced six miles.
ADVERBIAL ACCUSATIVE
The neuter singular accusative of an adjective can function as an adverb.
Multum pecuÅniam amaÅtis.
You love money very much.
ACCUSATIVE OF PLACE TO WHICH
The accusative, with or without prepositions, is used to express motion toward or against something.
Ad mare veÅnimus.
We came to the sea.
in mõÅliteÅs
against the soldiers
CHAPTER 6 Syntax of the Noun
89
Prepositions are not used for the names of cities, towns, or islands, or the nouns domus and ruÅs.
RoÅmam õÅboÅ.
I will go to Rome.
Domum veÅnimus.
We came home.
ACCUSATIVE WITH PREPOSITIONS
Many other ideas are expressed by the accusative with different prepositions (see p. 75).
ACCUSATIVE OF EXCLAMATION
The accusative is used for exclamations:
O rem terribilem!