Schaum's Outline of Latin Grammar - Alan Fishbone [36]
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CHAPTER 6 Syntax of the Noun
Vocabulary
enim
for indeed
animus, -õÅ, m.
mind, spirit
summus, -a, -um
the highest, best
coÅnsilium, -õÅ, n.
advice, planning
singulaÅris, -e
remarkable, outstanding
concordia, -ae, f.
agreement
lingua, -ae, f.
tongue, language
instituÅtum, -õÅ, n.
custom, usage
lex, leÅgis, f.
law
differoÅ
differ
urgeoÅ, urgeÅre
press upon
coÅpiae, -aÅrum, f.
troops
mox (adv.)
soon
consul, -is, m.
consul
comparoÅ, comparaÅre
prepare, make ready
verbum, -õÅ, n.
word
appelloÅ, appellaÅre
call
castus, -a, -um
chaste
modestus, -a, -um
modest
iuventuÅs, -tuÅtis, f.
youth
illustris, -e
shining, illustrious
vetus, veteris
old, ancient
sanctitaÅs, -taÅtis, f.
moral purity, sanctity
cõÅvitaÅs, -taÅtis, f.
citizenry, state
partim (adv.)
partly
patientia, -ae, f.
patience, suffering
consuetuÅdoÅ, -tuÅdinis, f.
habit
servioÅ, servõÅre
to be a slave
cupõÅditaÅs, -taÅtis, f.
greed
dominor, dominaÅrõÅ, dominaÅtus sum
rule absolutely, dominate
conferoÅ
compare
auctor, -oÅris, m.
creator, producer
dux, ducis, m.
leader
iuvoÅ, iuvaÅre
help, assist
vigiloÅ, vigilaÅre
keep watch
in posterum
for the future
CHAPTER 6 Syntax of the Noun
97
proÅvideoÅ, proÅvideÅre
provide
consentioÅ, consentõÅre
be in agreement
profectoÅ (adv.)
without question
brevis, -e
brief, short
iuÅcundus, -a, -um
pleasing
autem
moreover
recordaÅtioÅ, -oÅnis, f.
recollection, memory
lõÅbertaÅs, -taÅtis, f.
liberty
servituÅs, -tuÅtis, f.
slavery
Locative Case
The locative case expresses location. It is an older case that, for the most part, has died out in the language but survives in the names of cities, towns, islands, and the nouns domus and ruÅs.
Except for these instances, location is usually expressed by the ablative case without the preposition in.
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CHAPTER 7
Syntax of the
Adjective
The function of an adjective is to modify a noun. To do so, it must agree with the noun in gender, number, and case.
Generally, adjectives follow the nouns that they modify.
PoeÅta deÅmeÅns magnoÅ gaudioÅ luÅnam
The insane poet sees the cold moon with
frõÅgidam videt.
great joy.
Note that the adjective magnoÅ precedes its noun gaudioÅ. This is commonly the case with adjectives denoting quantity rather than quality. For example, Latin will use multa pecuÅnia rather than pecuÅnia multa.
This is also the case with demonstrative and interrogative adjectives: quis vir?
what man?
ille vir
that man
Predicate Adjective
Sometimes an adjective is used in an equation or assertion. It must still agree with its noun.
Ventus est magnus.
The wind is great.
If a group of nouns is mixed masculine and feminine, the adjective will take the masculine.
VirõÅ et feÅminae sunt miserõÅ.
The men and women are wretched.
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CHAPTER 7 Syntax of the Adjective
Substantive Adjective
Sometimes an adjective does not modify a noun but stands alone as if it were itself a noun. This is called the substantive use of the adjective.1
Bonus ad mare ambulat.
The good man walks to the water.
It is translated on the basis of its gender and number, here masculine singularÐ
hence the good man.
Bonae ad mare ambulant.
The good women walk to the water.
bonus, malus, et deÅformis
the good (man), the bad (man), and the
ugly (man)
Adverbial Use of the Adjective
Sometimes an adjective, rather than saying something general about a noun, will say something about that noun that is true only for the sentence in which it occurs. It seems to function more as an adverb.
Ille vir, cum hoc audõÅvit, sapieÅns
That man, when he heard this, wisely
discessit.
departed.
Often such a usage will occur in the nominative case, modifying the subject, and often it will occur near the verb, i.e., in an adverbial position. Notice the difference: SapieÅns, cum hoc audõÅvit,