Schaum's Outline of Latin Grammar - Alan Fishbone [47]
PoeÅtae fuÅgeÅrunt quod mõÅliteÅs
soldiers had captured the city.
urbem ceÅpissent.
Concessive Clauses
Concessive clauses begin with the word `àlthough.' They concede that, although something is true, the main clause remains unaffected and is still true. Often the main clause will contain the word tamen, ``nevertheless.'
Some conjunctions take the indicative:
etsõÅ
although
quamquam
although
Some take the subjunctive:
cum
although
quamvõÅs
although
Cum mõÅliteÅs urbem ceÅpissent,
Although the soldiers had captured the
poeÅtae tamen noÅn fugeÅrunt.
city, the poets nevertheless did not
¯ee.
The pluperfect subjunctive is used in secondary sequence, showing time prior to that of the main verb fuÅgeÅrunt.
Exercises
1. Translate the following. Pay close attention to the mood of the verb in the subordinate clauses.
1. Quia servõÅ miserrimõÅ erant, reÅx populoÅ aurum dabat.
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2. ReÅx populoÅ aurum dabat quod servõÅ miserrimõÅ essent.
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3. EtsõÅ servõÅ miserrimõÅ sunt, aurum populoÅ reÅx noÅn doÅnaÅbit.
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4. Cum reÅx populoÅ aurum dedisset, servõÅ noÅn claÅmaÅbant.
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5. Cum reÅx populoÅ aurum dedit, claÅmaÅveÅrunt.
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6. Quoniam reÅgõÅna capta erat, reÅx bellum paraÅbat.
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7. ReÅx bellum paraÅbat priusquam reÅgõÅna inter®cereÅtur.
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8. Bellum gereÅbant doÅnec reÅx interfectus est.
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9. Bellum gereÅbant dum reÅx redõÅret.
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10. Cum reÅx interfectus esset, reÅgõÅna claÅmaÅbat.
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11. Cum reÅx interfectus esset, reÅgõÅna tamen feÅlix erat.
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12. Ut luÅna discessit, luÅx dieÅõÅ veÅnit.
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2. Translate the following sentences.
1. Tum deÅnique inter®cieÅre, cum iam neÅmoÅ tam improbus, tam perditus, tam tuõÅ similis invenõÅrõÅ poterit.
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2. Neque ideo minus ef®caÅceÅs sunt oratioÅneÅs nostrae quia ad aureÅs iuÅdicantium cum voluptaÅte perveniunt.
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3. Nam interitus quidem tuõÅ quis bonus noÅn esset auctor, cum in eoÅ saluÅs et võÅta optimõÅ cuiusque, lõÅertaÅs populõÅ RoÅmaÅnõÅ dõÅgnitaÅsque consis-teret?
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4. Sed antequam aggrediar ad ea quae a teÅ disputata sunt, deÅ teÅ ipsoÅ
dõÅcam quid sentiam.
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