Schaum's Outline of Latin Grammar - Alan Fishbone [55]
3. Quid est enim, CatilõÅna, quod teÅ iam in haÅc urbe deÅlectaÅre possit, in quaÅ neÅmoÅ est, extra istam coniuÅraÅtioÅnem perditoÅrum hominum quõÅ teÅ
noÅn metuat, neÅmo quõÅ noÅn oÅderit?
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4. Mittitur DeÅcidius cum paucõÅs quõÅ locõÅ naÅtuÅram perspiciat.
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5. Accipite nunc, quaesoÅ, noÅn ea quae ipse in seÅ atque in domesticum decus impuÅreÅ et intemperanter, sed quae in noÅs fortuÅnaÅsque, id est in uÅniversam rem puÅblicam, impieÅ ac nefaÅrieÅ feÅcerit.
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6. Quid enim meÅ interpoÅnerem audaÅciae tuae quam neque auctoÅritaÅs huius ordinis neque existimaÅtioÅ populõÅ RoÅmaÅnõÅ neque leÅgeÅs ullae possent coerceÅre?
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CHAPTER 9 Syntax of the Complex Sentence
143
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Vocabulary
audeoÅ, audeÅre, ausum sum
dare
deÅnique (adv.)
®nally
inter®cioÅ, inter®cere
kill
neÅmoÅ, neÅminis
nobody
improbus, -a, -um
base, depraved
similis, -e
similar
invenioÅ, invenõÅre
®nd
iuÅre
rightly
fateor, fateÅrõÅ, fassus sum
confess
quamdiuÅ (adv.)
as long as
deÅfendoÅ, deÅfendere
defend
võÅvoÅ, võÅvere
live
enim
indeed
CatilõÅna, -ae, m.
Catiline
deÅlectoÅ, deÅlectaÅre
please, delight
coniuÅraÅtioÅ, -oÅnis, f.
conspiracy
metuoÅ, metuere
fear
oÅdõÅ, oÅdisse
hate
DeÅcidius, -õÅ, m.
Decidius
paucõÅ, -ae, -a
few
locus, -õÅ, m.
place
naÅtuÅra, -ae, f.
nature
perspicioÅ, perspicere
look over, inspect
accipioÅ, accipere
receive, hear
quaesoÅ
please
domesticus, -a, -um
domestic, private
decus, decoris, n.
honor
impuÅreÅ (adv.)
impurely, basely
intemperanter (adv.)
intemperately
uÅniversis, -a, -um
whole, entire
impieÅ (adv.)
impiously
nefaÅrieÅ (adv.)
monstrously
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CHAPTER 9 Syntax of the Complex Sentence
quid
(here) why?
interpoÅnoÅ, interpoÅnere
place as an obstacle, interpose
audaÅcia, -ae, f.
audacity
auctoÅritaÅs, -taÅtis, f.
authority
ordoÅ, ordinis
order, body of men
existimaÅtioÅ, -oÅnis, f.
judgment, opinion
lex, leÅgis, f.
law
coerceoÅ, coerceÅre
restrain, con®ne
Participles Revisited
Participles, as stated before, are verbal adjectives. As such, they modify nouns.
MõÅliteÅs canenteÅs templum deÅleÅveÅrunt. The singing soldiers destroyed the temple.
Here the participle functions simply as an adjective, giving us information about the soldiers.
We could also translate this participle more as an adverb, telling us something about how the soldiers performed the action of the main verb: Singing, the soldiers destroyed the temple.
Although the example above is quite simple, participles can often extend this more adverbial usage to do the work of entire subordinate clauses. For example, they may have temporal force, simply correlating their action in time with the main verb:
MõÅliteÅs urbem capienteÅs templum
When they were capturing the city, they
deÅleÅverunt.
destroyed the temple.
They may have causal force, explaining the action of the main verb: MõÅliteÅs urbem capienteÅs gaudeÅbant.
Because they were capturing the city, the
soldiers