Schaum's Outline of Latin Grammar - Alan Fishbone [63]
Subordinate clauses that normally take the subjunctive, not surprisingly, will still take the subjunctive in indirect statement:
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Cum urbs deÅleaÅtur, poeÅtae fugient.
Because the city is being destroyed, the
poets will ¯ee.
DõÅcit cum urbs deÅleaÅtur, poeÅtas
He says that because the city is being
fugituÅroÅs esse.
destroyed, the poets will ¯ee.
Relative Clauses in Indirect Statement
Relative clauses in indirect statement also take the subjunctive: ReÅx quõÅ urbem deÅleÅvit deÅmeÅns est.
The king who destroyed the city is
insane.
DõÅcit reÅgem quõÅ urbem deÅleÅverit
He says that the king who destroyed the
deÅmentem esse.
city is insane.
Here the perfect subjunctive deÅleÅverit represents time prior to the main verb dõÅcit in a relative clause in indirect statement in primary sequence.
DõÅceÅbat reÅgem quõÅ urbem deÅleÅvisset
He said that the king who had destroyed
deÅmentem esse.
the town was mad.
Here the pluperfect subjunctive deÅleÅvisset represents time prior to the main verb dõÅceÅbat in a relative clause in indirect statement in secondary structure.
Sometimes, however, relative clauses inside an indirect statement will take the indicative. This usually means that the writer of the sentence is giving this information, adding it to the original direct statement: DõÅcit reÅgem quõÅ urbem deÅleÅvit
He says that the king who (I am actually
deÅmentem esse.
telling you) destroyed the city is mad.
Although this translation is somewhat exaggerated, it is meant to show the difference between the indicative and subjunctive. The indicative tells you that the relative clause has been inserted by the writer, or at least that he con®rms the truth of its contents.
Exercises
17. Translate the following sentences.
1. Quod deÅ lõÅbertaÅte claÅmant reÅx poeÅtaÅs inter®cit.
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2. ReÅgõÅna dõÅcit reÅgem quod deÅ lõÅbertaÅte claÅment poeÅtaÅs inter®cere.
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CHAPTER 9 Syntax of the Complex Sentence
3. ReÅgõÅna dõÅceÅbat reÅgem quod deÅ lõÅbertaÅte claÅmaÅrent poeÅtaÅs inter®cere.
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4. ReÅgõÅna dõÅcit reÅgem quod deÅ lõÅbertaÅte claÅmaÅverint poeÅtaÅs interfeÅcisse.
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5. ReÅgõÅna dõÅcit reÅgem poeÅtaÅs quod deÅ lõÅbertaÅte claÅmaÅverint interfectuÅrum esse.
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6. ReÅgõÅna dõÅceÅbat reÅgem poeÅtaÅs quod deÅ lõÅbertaÅte claÅmaÅrent interfeÅcisse.
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7. ReÅgõÅna dõÅceÅbat reÅgem poeÅtaÅs quod deÅ lõÅbertaÅte claÅmaÅvissent interfectuÅrum esse.
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8. ReÅgõÅna dõÅceÅbat reÅgem quõÅ populum timeÅret poeÅtaÅs quod deÅ lõÅbertaÅte claÅmaÅvissent interfeÅcisse.
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