Schaum's Outline of Latin Grammar - Alan Fishbone [7]
i-stem declension.
Here are some sample third-declension nouns:
mõÅles, mõÅlitis, m.
soldier
sõÅdus, sõÅderis, n.
star
ratioÅ, ratioÅnis, f.
reasoning
voÅx, voÅcis, f.
voice, word
reÅx, reÅgis, m.
king
dolor, doloÅris, m.
pain
nex, necis, f.
murder
¯uÅmen, ¯uÅminis, m.
river
tempus, temporis, n.
time
corpus, corporis, n.
body
voluptaÅs, voluptaÅtis, f.
pleasure
amor, amoÅris, m.
love
eques, equitis, m.
horseman, knight
As you can see, the third declension has nouns of every gender.
There is great variety in the nominative singular, but all genitive singulars end in
-is. The stem is obtained by removing this ending -is from the genitive singular form.
10
CHAPTER 1 The Noun
Noun
Stem
mõÅles, mõÅlitis, m.
mõÅlit-
nex, necis, f.
nec-
ratioÅ, ratioÅnis, f.
ratioÅn-
sõÅdus, sõÅderis, n.
sõÅder-
They decline as follows:
Singular
Nom.=voc.
mõÅles
nex
ratioÅ
sõÅdus
Gen.
mõÅlitis
necis
ratioÅnis
sõÅderis
Dat.
mõÅlitõÅ
necõÅ
ratioÅnõÅ
sõÅderõÅ
Acc.
mõÅlitem
necem
ratioÅnem
sõÅdus
Abl.
mõÅlite
nece
ratioÅne
sidere
Plural
Nom.=voc.
mõÅliteÅs
neceÅs
ratioÅneÅs
sõÅdera
Gen.
mõÅlitum
necum
ratioÅnum
sõÅderum
Dat.
mõÅlitibus
necibus
ratioÅnibus
sõÅderibus
Acc.
mõÅliteÅs
neceÅs
ratioÅneÅs
sõÅdera
Abl.
mõÅlitibus
necibus
ratioÅnibus
sõÅderibus
i-Stem Nouns
Here are some sample i-stem nouns of the third declension: moÅns, montis, -ium, m.
mountain
urbs, urbis, -ium, f.
city
meÅns, mentis, -ium, f.
mind
animal, animaÅlis, -ium, n.
animal
nox, noctis, -õÅum, f.
night
naÅvis, naÅvis, -ium, f.
ship
mare, maris, -ium, n.
sea
i-stem nouns come formatted with an extra element, -ium. This is the genitive plural ending for these nouns, and it is included to indicate that such nouns are i-stem.
They decline as follows:
Singular
Nom.=voc.
moÅns
urbs
animal
Gen.
montis
urbis
animaÅlis
Dat.
montõÅ
urbõÅ
animaÅlõÅ
Acc.
montem
urbem
animal
Abl.
monte
urbe
animaÅlõÅ
CHAPTER 1 The Noun
11
Plural
Nom.=voc.
monteÅs
urbeÅs
animaÅlia
Gen.
montium
urbium
animaÅlium
Dat.
montibus
urbibus
animaÅlibus
Acc.
monteÅs, -õÅs
urbeÅs, -õÅs
animaÅlia
Abl.
montibus
urbibus
animaÅlibus
Note: All i-stem nouns have -ium in the genitive plural.
Masculine and feminine i-stem nouns have an alternate ending ±õÅs in the accusative plural. (There is no difference in meaning.) Neuter i-stem nouns have
±õÅ in the ablative singular and -ia in the nominative and accusative plural. The locative is identical to the ablative.
Exercises
8. Fully decline the following nouns:
1. corpus, corporis, n.
Singular
Plural
Nominative=vocative
_____________
_____________
Genitive
_____________
_____________
Dative
_____________
_____________
Accusative
_____________
_____________
Ablative
_____________
_____________
2. meÅns, mentis, -ium, f.
Singular
Plural
Nominative=vocative
_____________
_____________
Genitive
_____________
_____________
Dative
_____________
_____________
Accusative
_____________
_____________
Ablative
_____________
_____________
3. dolor, doloÅris, m.
Singular
Plural
Nominative=vocative
_____________
_____________
Genitive
_____________
_____________
Dative
_____________
_____________
Accusative
_____________
_____________
Ablative
_____________
_____________
12
CHAPTER 1 The Noun
9. Change the following from singular to plural. (If there are two possibilities, give both.)
1. urbem
_____________
2. reÅgõÅ
_____________
3. voÅcis
_____________
4. animaÅlõÅ
_____________
5. ¯uÅmen
_____________
6. urbis
_____________
7. nox
_____________
8. amoÅre
_____________
10. Change the following from plural to singular. (If there are two possibilities, give both.)
1. sõÅdera
_____________
2. voluptaÅtibus _____________
3. urbeÅs
_____________
4. doloÅrum
_____________
5. montõÅs
_____________
6. mentium
_____________
7. animaÅlia
_____________
8. naÅvium
_____________
9. amoÅribus
_____________
THE FOURTH DECLENSION