Spycraft - Melton [277]
5 Undated CIA brochure, “Directorate of Science & Technology: People and Intelligence in the Service of Freedom,” page 3. The CIA’s Directorate of Research, established in 1962, preceded the DS&T by one year.
6 TSD would be part of the operations directorate until 1973. In a CIA reorganization that year, TSD was moved to the Directorate of Science and Technology and renamed the Office of Technical Service (OTS).
7 Cambridge Dictionary of Science and Technology (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990), 632.
8 Sergo A. Mikoyan, “Eroding the Soviet ‘Culture of Secrecy,’ Studies in Intelligence , No. 11, Central Intelligence Agency, 2001.
CHAPTER SIX
1 Benjamin Weiser, A Secret Life: The Polish Officer, His Covert Mission, and the Price He Paid to Save His Country (New York: Public Affairs, 2004). 221-223.
2 Within ten years, TSD had developed several electronic short-range agent communication (SRAC) devices from this idea.
3 An accommodation address is most commonly a street or post office box address not associated with an intelligence service or a government agency.
4 The process, while complex for the novice, was well-known within the photographic industry. “Stripping film,” was a commercial product. Intelligence services made direct contact prints on the emulsion as part of a covert microphotography process. “Bleaching” the completed emulsion was a step in standard microdot concealments that the KGB refined in the early years of the Cold War. If an agent had the necessary technical aptitude to perform the procedures, affixing “bleached” emulsion of varying sizes onto postcards became a common technique for covert communications.
5 The instructions provide an exemplar of the detail and complexity necessary to provide technical training to an agent through impersonal communications. The exemplar does not convey the precise methodology or actual text of the operational message.
CHAPTER SEVEN
1 In 1963, during McCone’s tenure as DCI, the Directorate of Research was renamed the Directorate of Science and Technology.
2 The DDP had been redesignated as the Directorate of Operations (DO) in 1973.
3 Despite the abrupt change, McMahon’s engaging personality, and leadership skill earned the lasting respect of OTS during his fourteen-month tenure as Director. McMahon served as Honorary Chairman of the OTS fiftieth anniversary committee in 2001. However, for many senior DO and OTS officers, Schlesinger’s separating TSD from the operations directorate was viewed as a historic mistake.
4 Colby was sworn in as DCI in September. He served the CIA in both the Korean and Vietnam conflicts. President Reagan later tapped a fourth OSS veteran, William Casey, as DCI in 1981.
5 Seymour Hersh, The New York Times, December 22, 1974. The mail-opening program’s crypt was HGLINGUAL.
6 OTS’s role in the CIA mail-opening program is described in chapter 15.
7 U.S. House of Representatives, Special Subcommittee on Intelligence of the Committee on Armed Services, 1974; U.S. Senate, Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, 1975, 1976. U.S. Senate Select Committee on Intelligence and the Subcommittee on Health and Scientific Research of the Committee on Human Resources, 1977; Rockefeller Commission Report to the President on CIA Activities within the U.S., 1975.
8 “Family jewels” was an ironic nod to Allen Dulles who used the term to refer to a personal notebook during WWII that contained the names of his most important agents.
9 For pictures and technical details of the “Dart Gun,” see: Melton, CIA Special Weapons & Equipment, 22.
10 Helms, A Look over My Shoulder, 431.
11 CCDs