Spycraft - Melton [288]
CHAPTER FIFTEEN
1 Dulles, The Craft of Intelligence, 68.
2 Fischer, The Journal of Intelligence History, 2, Summer 2000, 16.
3 Amy Knight, Beria: Stalin’s First Lieutenant (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1993), 138.
4 Ibid.,136, and verified by author interview with former KGB officer.
5 Knight, Beria, 106.
6 Simon Sebag Montefiore, Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar (New York. Alfred A. Knopf, 2003), 503.
7 Knight, Beria, 136.
8 Interview with former Soviet security officer.
9 John Markoff, James Early obituary, The New York Times, January 19, 2004.
10 ARPA: The Advanced Research Projects Agency was founded in February of 1958 as a research branch of the Department of Defense. The name was changed to Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) in 1972. In 1993 the name was changed back to ARPA and then back to DARPA in 1996. The agency is credited with development of the Internet.
CHAPTER SIXTEEN
1 Nathan Miller, Spying for America: The Hidden History of U.S. Intelligence (New York: Paragon House, 1989), 179.
2 Nathan Nielsen, “Our Men in Havana,” Studies in Intelligence, Vol 23:1, Central Intelligence Agency, 1988, 1.
3 “Pocket litter” includes all secondary and incidental items that individuals normally carry in wallets and purses. Some pieces of pocket litter, such as library cards, credit cards, and blood donation cards, while not constituting official identification papers, are expected to be consistent with passports, driver’s licenses or other government-issued identification documents. Pocket litter of a tourist/businessman might include business cards, club membership cards, laundry receipts and movie ticket stubs. This type of pocket litter created by TSD carried the alias name of the user consistent with the alias official identification documents.
4 Nielsen, “Our Men in Havana,” 3.
5 Hugh Thomas, Cuba or the Pursuit of Freedom (New York: Da Capo Press, 1988), 1,219.
6 Ibid.
7 Ibid., 1,257.
8 Nielsen, “Our Men in Havana,” 3.
9 Grose, Gentleman Spy, 495-496.
10 Walter E. Szuminski, Our Man in Havana: TDY Hell (unpublished monograph), 5. See also National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Web site: www.noaa.gov/.
11 Ibid., 3.
12 Walter E. Szuminski with Edward Mickolus, Temporary Duty Hell: Our Man in Cuba’s Jails (an unpublished monograph, 2001), 17.
13 Sound tradecraft required the team to exit the elevator at a different floor than the apartment they would enter to mislead anyone attempting to surveil their movements by watching elevator stops. In addition, all members of the team would have been alert for surveillance during their travel to and from the apartment building.
14 The SRT-3 was the CIA’s first all-transistor transmitter receiver. For information on the ST-2A, the predecessor of the SRT-3, see Peter McCollum’s web page: www.militaryradio.com/spyradio/tsd.html
15 “Clear” signals were not protected by masking or encryption. If intercepted, the signal could be monitored, understood, and traced.
16 “Sweep teams” in the 1960s located “bugs” using special radio receivers to identify the clandestine transmissions. By remotely switching the transmitter off at the first indication that the room might be “swept,” the post keeper eliminated the signal that would have betrayed the hidden eavesdropping device.
17 Szuminski, Our Man in Havana, 9.
18 Thomas, Cuba or the Pursuit of Freedom, 1,295.
19 Nielsen, “Our Men in Havana,” 2.
20 Prior to creation of the CIA in 1947, the FBI had responsibility for U.S. intelligence operations in Caribbean and Central and South America countries.
21 Thomas, Cuba or the Pursuit of Freedom, 1,460.
22 Ibid., 1,297.
23 Ibid.
24 Ibid., 847.
25 Cambridge World Gazetteer: A Geographical Dictionary (New York: Cambridge University Press), 157.
26 The New York Times, September 2, 1925.