Spycraft - Melton [289]
27 Mary Bosworth (editor), Encyclopedia of Prisons and Correctional Facilities, Volume 2 (Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications, 2005), 663-665.
28 Illustrated London News, February 13, 1932.
29 Szuminski, Our Man in Havana: TDY in Hell, 36-38.
30 Grose, Gentleman Spy, 519.
31 Ibid.
32 Polmar and Allen, Spy Book, 163-164.
33 A mixture of gasoline or alcohol and soap that is poured into a bottle, tightly corked, with a cloth fuse wrapped around the outside. The cloth was ignited and the bottle thrown. Upon impact with the target, the bottle breaks and the gasoline ignites.
34 Polmar and Allen, Spy Book, 166.
35 Ibid., 167.
36 Craig R. Whitley, Spy Trade: The Darkest Secrets of the Cold War (New York: Times Books, 1994), 54-55; Brown, Wild Bill Donovan, 579.
37 Whitley, Spy Trade, 432. Also see: James B. Donovan, Strangers on a Bridge: The Case of Colonel Abel (New York: Atheneum, 1964).
38 Szuminski with Mickolus, Temporary Duty in Hell: Our Man in Cuba’s Jails, 86-87.
39 Christ’s recommendation enumerated hardships endured including months of no sunlight, a year without any correspondence from family, constant communist propaganda as well as living in filthy, disease-ridden conditions. Christ described the two officers’ emotional stability, focus on positive opportunities such as studying Spanish, teaching English, lecturing on capitalism and democracy, maintaining personal standards of cleanliness and decency and assisting fellow prisoners who were sick or mentally vulnerable. As a result both left Cuba “35-40 pounds lighter but without mental or emotional aberrations.”
40 The DIC recognizes Agency employees who, like the three techs, performed “a voluntary act or acts of exceptional heroism involving the acceptance of existing dangers with conspicuous fortitude and exemplary courage.” The CIA has recognized twenty-six employees with the Distinguished Intelligence Cross award as of August 2005.
41 Peter Weyden, Bay of Pigs: The Untold Story (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1979), 35.
42 Benson, a paratrooper in World War II, jumped with Marshal Tito partisans behind German lines into Yugoslavia and is credited with assisting in the evacuation of more than 200 downed allied airmen, political escapees, and partisans. He was awarded the Bronze Star for World War II service and then served with the CIA in China and Greece. On April 5, 1962, he received, posthumously, the CIA Intelligence Star for “a voluntary act of courage performed under hazardous conditions.”
43 Saxitoxin is a thousand times more deadly than a typical synthetic nerve gas such as sarin; a dose of 0.2 milligrams would be lethal for the average male. For more information on saxitoxin, see the article by Neil Edwards, School of Chemistry, Physics, and Environmental Science at the University of Sussex at Brighton: www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/stx/saxi.htm. The CIA’s remaining inventory of saxitoxin was provided to the National Institute of Health (NIH) in 1975 on the premise that it could be “extremely valuable for medical research on diseases of the nervous system and for our understanding of how the nervous system normally works.” See: Ritchie J. Murdoch, Ph.D., D.Sc., Yale Medicine, Fall 1975, and also at: www.med.yale.edu/external/pubs/ym_fw0001/archives.htm. A television documentary, The History Detectives, aired on June 27, 2005, stated that the needles were produced by Fort Detrick machinist Milton Frank.
44 Martin, Wilderness of Mirrors, 120.
45 Ibid., 121.
46 Ibid.
47 Ibid.
48 Ibid., 121-122.
49 U.S. Senate, Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders , An Interim Report, November 20, 1975, 80.
50 U.S. Senate, Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders, 71.
51 Ibid., 72.
52 Ibid., 72.
53 Ibid., 72.
54 David Atlee Phillips, The Night Watch (New York: Atheneum, 1977), 91.
55 Warren Hinkle and William Turner,