Story of Psychology - Morton Hunt [449]
40. Goddard, 1912:65–66.
41. Goddard, 1914:561.
42. Gould, 1981:164–168, citing Goddard, 1917.
43. Encyclopaedia Britannica (1935 edition): “Migration,” vol. 15:468.
44. Terman, 1916:19–20:
45. Terman biographical details from Hilgard, 1987:465–466, and Hothersall, 1984:267–268.
46. Terman, 1916:51, 127.
47. Ibid.:21.
48. Ibid.:6–7.
49. Gould, 1981:175, and 175n.
50. Hothersall, 1984:323–324; Gould, 1981:194.
51. Gould, 1981:194–195; Garrett, 1951:244.
52. Advertisement from Terman et al., 1923, reproduced in Gould, 1981:178; 7,000,000: Hothersall, 1984:324.
53. Gould, 1981:293; Lewontin, Rose, and Kamin, 1984:87.
54. Hothersall, 1984:323–324; Block and Dworkin, 1876:2–3.
55. Terman, 1916:91–92.
56. Lippmann, quoted in Block and Dworkin, 1976:19.
57. Gould, 1981:199–200.
58. Ibid.:196.
59. Hunt, 1999:94. See also Jensen, 1991:179; Snyderman and Rothman, 1998: 140–141, 250.
60. Benson, 2003.
61. Loehlin, 1985; Plomin and Daniels, 1987; Hilgard, 1987:484–489; Bouchard, 1986.
62. Grigorenko, 2000; Neisser et al., 1996; Plomin and Petrill, 1997.
63. Flynn, James, 1984, 1999.
64. Neisser, Ulric, et al., 1996.
65. Sternberg, 1985, 1999.
66. Gardner, 1983, 1999.
67. Benson, 2003.
68. Ibid.
69. Giles, Jim, 2006. “Scans suggest IQ scores reflect brain structure,” Nature 440, March 30:588.
CHAPTER 9
1. Lloyd Morgan’s work, mentioned in Hothersall, 1984:291.
2. Thorndike, 1898.
3. Pavlov’s work described by Gregory A. Kimble in Koch and Leary, 1985:287–288.
4. Morgan, 1909 [1894]:53.
5. Loeb, 1900, chap. 15, excerpted in Herrnstein and Boring, 1966:468–472.
6. Major biographical sources: Thorndike, 1936; Joncich, 1968.
7. Thorndike, 1936:165.
8. Thorndike, 1911:64.
9. Ibid.:287.
10. Major biographical sources: Babkin, 1949; Asratyan, 1953.
11. Pavlov, 1927, lecture I, in Shipley, 1961:789.
12. R. Watson, 1978:441; Lashley, 1929.
13. Pavlov, 1927, lecture 1, in Shipley, 1961:789.
14. Pavlov, 1960 [1927]:291.
15. Yerkes and Morgulis, 1909.
16. J. Watson, Encyclopaedia Britannica article on behaviorism (ca. 1928), quoted in Skinner, 1981.
17. Coleman, 1988:104.
18. Garrett, 1951:17. Skinner, 1981, gives a more modest appraisal of Pavlov’s influence.
19. Major biographical sources: John B. Watson, 1961; Hannush, 1987; David Cohen, 1979; Buckley, 1989.
20. Hannush, 1987.
21. J. Watson, 1961:276.
22. Ibid.
23. J. Watson, 1913.
24. Samelson, 1981.
25. J. Watson, 1916.
26. J. Watson, 1919:200–201.
27. Ibid.:214.
28. J. Watson and Rayner, 1920.
29. J. Watson, 1924:104.
30. Fancher, 1979:337.
31. J. Watson, 1930:18.
32. Bowers, 1973:316.
33. Bakan, 1966.
34. Gregory Kimble, in Koch and Leary, 1985:316.
35. Sigmund Koch, in Koch and Leary, 1985:931.
36. The examples are drawn from Bugelski 1975; Hintzman, 1978; and Levine, 1975, in all of which the original sources are cited.
37. J. Watson, 1919:14.
38. Quoted in Kitchener, 1977:19.
39. Ibid.:27.
40. Hull, 1967.
41. Boring, 1950:652. On details of Hull’s system: Gregory Kimble, in Koch and Leary, 1985:300–301; Murray, 1988:326–327.
42. Hull, 1943:119.
43. Benjamin, 1988:434–435; Gregory Kimble, in Koch and Leary, 1985:318.
44. Gonnezano and Coleman, 1985.
45. Hothersall, 1984:394–395.
46. Major biographical sources: Skinner, 1967, 1976, 1979, 1983.
47. Skinner, 1979:117; Skinner, 1953:19–21; Cohen, 1977:279.
48. Skinner, 1967:410.
49. Quoted in Hothersall, 1984:395.
50. Skinner, 1972:7.
51. The first sentence: Skinner, 1972:12–13; the rest: Skinner, 1974:115.
52. Cohen, 1977:283.
53. Guttman, 1977.
54. Cohen, 1977:273.
55. Skinner, 1979:35.
56. Hilgard, 1987:194–199.
57. Fancher, 1979:364.
58. Skinner, 1953:92.
59. E. Hunt, 1982:59, citing Hintzman, 1978, and Levine, 1975.
60. As, for instance, according to Science Citation Index for the period May–August 1990.
61. Hintzman, 1978:194–196.
62. Ayllon