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75. Lewis, Sullivan, et al., 1989.
76. Buck, 1988:11, 398–399.
77. Plutchik, 1985, 1990a, 1991b.
78. Plutchik, 1985.
79. Joseph de Rivera, in Koch and Leary, 1985:366–367; Frijda, 1986:475; Gazanniga and Heatherton, 2006:393.
80. Plutchik, 1990a.
81. Frijda, 1986:475–476.
82. Seligman, 1991, chap.4.
83. Woods and Stricker, 1999.
84. Nieuwenhuyse, Offenberg, and Frida, 1987.
85. Plutchik, 1990a; M. Hunt, 1990, chap.4.
86. Damasio, 1994; Evans and Cruse, 2004:164–165.
87. Gazzaniga et al., 2002:560–561.
88. Flashed words: Zeelenberg et al., 2006. Mood-dependent memory: Eich and Macaulay, 2000.
89. Goleman, 1995; Salovey and Grewall, 2005.
90. E.g., Kosslyn and Rosenberg, 2004:394–395; Gerrig and Zimbardo, 2005:398–401. Gazzaniga and Heatherton, 2006, prefer to sum up present theory by listing fourteen main points about emotions (pp. 426–427) and nine main points about motivations (pp. 378–379).
CHAPTER 16
1. Biographical data: George Miller, 1989.
2. Gardner, 1985:36–37; Hilgard, 1987:257; Earl Hunt, 1989.
3. Donald Norman, personal communication; Cosmides, 2006.
4. Newell and Simon, 1972, chap.2.
5. Biographical details from Simon, 1980, and Simon, 1991.
6. Newell, Shaw, and Simon, 1963.
7. Miller, quoted in Gazanniga et al., 2002:18.
8. General Problem Solver is described in Newell and Simon, 1972:455–502. The river-crossing problem: adapted from Newell and Simon, 1972:853–854.
9. Mandler, 1985a:10–13; Gardner, 1985:38–41.
10. Posner and Mitchell, 1967.
11. Posner, 1986.
12. The Passions of the Soul, article 62.
13. Churchland, 1984, quoted in Flanagan, 1991:222.
14. Grasshopper: cited in Gazzaniga and Blakemore, 1975:16. Roach and snail studies cited in, and interpreted as motivation by: Gallistel, 1980.
15. Hebb, 1949, cited in Lieberman, 1991:30–31.
16. Bliss and Limo, 1973.
17. The work is reviewed in Greenough, Black, and Wallace, 1987.
18. Alkon, 1989.
19. McGaugh, 1990; Introini-Collison and McGaugh, 1991.
20. Quoted in Nadel and Piatelli-Palmarini, 2003.
21. Sperry, 1980; Kagan, 1989:194; Earl Hunt, 1989; Mandler, 1985:28–29.
22. Farah, personal communication.
23. Gazzaniga et al., 2002:129–131.
24. Gazzaniga et al., 2002:20–21; Kosslyn and Rosenberg, 2004:103.
25. Gazzaniga et al., 2002:114–115.
26. On fMRI characteristics: Farah and Wolfe, 2004; Gazzaniga and Heatherton, 2006:58. On the annual output of reports: Mitchell, 2005:28, and Farah, personal communication.
27. Sternberg, 2006:57.
28. Kosslyn and Rosenberg, 2004:102.
29. Quoted in Gazzaniga et al., 2006:144.
30. Farah, personal communication.
31. John Anderson, 1980:3.
32. McGaugh, 1987.
33. Miller, 1956.
34. Mandler, 1985:66.
35. Sperling, 1960.
36. The three-consonant experiment: Peterson and Peterson, 1959. Later replications: Gardner, 1985:122.
37. Potter, 1982, cited in Osherson and Smith, 1990:22–23.
38. Cited in Horn and Hinde, 1970.
39. Loftus, 1972.
40. Collins and Loftus, 1975.
41. Gazanniga and Heatherton, 2006:259–261.
42. Kolata and Peterson, 2001; Steblay et al., 2001.
43. Gazanniga and Heatherton, 2006:276–272.
44. Marc Bornstein, 1979:51.
45. Berlin, 1978.
46. Gelman and Markman, 1986.
47. Henry Gleitman, in Koch and Leary, 1985:422.
48. Denis and Kosslyn, 1999.
49. Pylyshyn, 1978; Chase and Simon, 1973; Johnson-Laird, 1988:51–52.
50. Gardner, 1985:368–369; Sternberg, 2006, chap. 8, esp.:296–297, 307–308. On the two networks, letter from Stephen Kosslyn in Sci. Amer. MIND, June/July 2006:4.
51. Bartlett, 1932, cited in Gardner, 1985:114–116.
52. Rumelhart, 1978.
53. Gazanniga and Heatherton, 2006:263–264, 301–302.
54. On training: Yesavage, 1985; Yesavage and Sheik, 1988. On pharmacological treatment: Crook, 1989, and personal communication.
55. Loftus, 1980, passim, esp.:56–57.
56. Harsch and Neisser, 1989.
57. de Villiers and de Villiers, 1978:206; Desai et al., 2006.
58. Frederick J.