Story of Psychology - Morton Hunt [457]
59. Biographical details: Cohen, 1977.
60. Lieberman, 1991:130–131.
61. Clark and Clark, 1977:102, 105–110.
62. Whorf, 1956.
63. Heider [Eleanor. Rosch], 1972; Heider and Olivier, 1972.
64. Lieberman, 1991:144.
65. Ibid.:148.
66. Gardner, 1978.
67. Damasio, 1989, 1990.
68. Gazzaniga et al., 2002:399n.
69. Rips, 1990.
70. Adapted from Neisser, 1967:8.
71. Turing, 1950.
72. Simon: quoted by Frederick J. Crosson, in Koch and Leary, 1985:440; “other enthusiasts”: Allen Newell, in Koch and Leary, 1985:444.
73. Simon, 1991:200–201.
74. Ibid., caption to photo opposite p.195.
75. Newell and Simon, 1972, passim.
76. Keith J. Holyoak, in Osherson and Smith, 1991:122.
77. Johnson-Laird, 1988:228–229.
78. Ibid.:231–233; Johnson-Laird, 2001.
79. Ibid., 1988:229–230; Johnson-Laird, 2001.
80. Experiments cited in Rips, 1990.
81. Russell and Jones, 1980.
82. Cosmides, 1989; Kosslyn and Rosenberg, 2004.
83. Parsons and Osherson, 2001.
84. Kahneman and Tversky, 1981.
85. Ibid.
86. Nisbett and Ross, 1980.
87. Dijksterhuis, 2004.
88. Gentner, 1988.
89. Falkenhainer, Forbus, and Gentner, 1989.
90. Gick and Holyoak, 1983.
91. Earl Hunt, 1989; Gardner, 1985:97.
92. Sternberg, 2006:424.
93. Richard Evans, 1976:98.
94. M. Hunt, 1982b:330–332.
95. Jastrow, 1981.
96. Neisser, 1976, introduction, and personal communication.
97. Linden, 1988.
98. Hayes-Roth, Waterman, et al., 1983:40–41, 54.
99. John Anderson, in Linda Murray and John Richardson, 1989:93.
100. Kosslyn and Rosenberg, 2004:334–335.
101. Sternberg, 2006:524–526; Neisser, 1988, 1991; Pratt, 1987, chapter 14; Johnson-Laird, 1988:353–392; Alvin Goldman, in Osherson, Kosslyn, and Hollerbach, 1990; Steven Harnad, quoted in Raley, 2006:81.
102. Igor Aleksander, in Linda Murray and John Richardson, 1989:48.
103. Lackner and Garrett, 1973.
104. Rumelhart, 1989.
105. Ibid.:135–136.
106. Thagard, 2005, chap.7.
107. McClelland, Rumelhart, and Hinton, in Rumelhart, McClelland, and the PDP Research Group, 1986, vol. 1:11.
108. Rumelhart, Hinton, and McClelland, in Rumelhart, McClelland, and the PDP Research Group, 1986, vol. 1:49.
109. James McClelland and David Rumelhart, 1981.
110. Mary C. Potter, in Osherson and Smith, 1990:14.
111. Crick and Koch, 1990b.
112. Churchland and Churchland, 1990.
113. Ramachandran and Blakeslee, 1998.
114. Gazzaniga et al., 2002:21.
Notes
CHAPTER 17
1. Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Dept. of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2006–2007 ed.
2. Ibid.
3. National Institute of Mental Health, 1990:253.
4. Olfson, et al., 2002. For in-patient episodes, National Institute of Mental Health, 1990:3. For one out of three total: ibid.
5. Olfson, et al., 2002; National Institute of Mental Health, 1990:200; Goode, 2002.
6. Olfson et al., 2002; Goode, 2002.
7. National Science Foundation, Institute of Mental Health, 1990:206; National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources, Science and Engineering Doctorate Awards, 2004, table 2; and data provided directly by National Association of Social Workers, American Mental Health Counselors Association, and American Association of Pastoral Counselors.
8. Data provided by Amer. Psychiatric Assn.; Natl. Assoc. of Social Workers; American Mental Health Counselors Assoc., and American Association for Pastoral Counselors.
9. Natl. Assoc. of State Mental Health Program Directors Research Inst., 2002, online.
10. Quoted in Gilgen, 1982:167–168.
11. Ibid.:168.
12. Torrey, 1986; Trotter, 1991.
13. New York Times, op-ed page, February 26, 2006.
14. Szasz, 1961.
15. Zilbergeld, 1986.
16. SAMHSA, [2006], online: http://www.mentalhealth.samhsa.gov/features/surgeon-generalreport/chapter4/sec3_2.asp.
17. Schachter, 1980.
18. Goleman, 1989.
19. Rapaport, 1989; 2006 data: Medline Plus, online: “Medical Encyclopedia: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.”
20. Alexander and Selesnik,