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THE TRUTHS ABOUT CHEMOTHERAPY: This section was drawn in part from interviews with practicing oncologists and oncology researchers including Thomas J. Smith, Max Wicha, Peter D. Eisenberg, Jerome Groopman, as well as several participants at “Requirements for the Cure for Cancer,” an off-the-record 2007 conference organized by Arny Glazier and the Van Andel Research Institute. (Thanks to Rafe Furst for the invitation.) See also: Thomas G. Roberts Jr., Thomas J. Lynch Jr., Bruce A. Chabner, “Choosing Chemotherapy for Lung Cancer Based on Cost: Not Yet,” Oncologist, June 1, 2002; Scott Ramsey et al., “Economic Analysis of Vinorelbine Plus Cisplatin Versus Paclitaxel Plus Carboplatin for Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer,” Journal of the National Cancer Institute 94, no. 4 (February 20, 2002); Graeme Morgan, Robyn Wardy, and Michael Bartonz, “The Contribution of Cytotoxic Chemotherapy to 5-year Survival in Adult Malignancies,” Clinical Oncology 16 (2004); Guy Faguet, The War on Cancer: An Anatomy of Failure, a Blueprint for the Future (Springer Netherlands, 2005); Neal J. Meropol and Kevin A. Schulman, “Cost of Cancer Care: Issues and Implications,” Clinical Oncology 25, no. 2 (January 2007); and Bruce Hillner and Thomas J. Smith, “Efficacy Does Not Necessarily Translate to Cost Effectiveness: A Case Study in the Challenges Associated with 21st Century Cancer Drug Pricing,” Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 13 (May 2009). / 86 “The deep and abiding desire not to be dead”: Thomas Smith offered this quotation from memory, attributing it to his colleague Thomas Finucane, writing in “How Gravely Ill Becomes Dying: A Key to End-of-Life Care,” Journal of the American Medical Association 282 (1999). But Smith had, in his memory, slightly improved Finucane’s original quote, which was “the widespread and deeply held desire not to be dead.”

LIVING LONG ENOUGH TO DIE FROM CANCER: See Bo E. Honore and Adriana Lleras-Muney, “Bounds in Competing Risks Models and the War on Cancer,” Econometrica 76, no. 6 (November 2006).

WAR: NOT AS DANGEROUS AS YOU THINK?: Derived from “U.S. Active Duty Military Deaths 1980 through 2008 (as of April 22, 2009),” prepared by the Defense Manpower Data Center for Department of Defense; thanks to a reader named Adam Smith (seriously) for alerting us to these data.

HOW TO CATCH A TERRORIST: This section is drawn from “Identifying Terrorists Using Banking Data,” Steven D. Levitt and A. Danger Powers, working paper; and from author interviews with Ian Horsley (a pseudonym), primarily in London. / 89 Bank fraud in the U.K.: gleaned from the Association for Payment Clearing Services (APACS). / 92 False positives in cancer screening: see Jennifer Miller Croswell et al., “Cumulative Incidence of False-Positive Results in Repeated, Multimodal Cancer Screening,” Annals of Family Medicine 7 (2009). / 92 Mike Lowell: see Jimmy Golen, “Lowell: Baseball Held to Higher Standard,” The Associated Press, January 18, 2008. / 92 Release of terror suspects: see Alan Travis, “Two-Thirds of U.K. Terror Suspects Released Without Charge,” The Guardian, May 12, 2009.

CHAPTER 3: UNBELIEVABLE STORIES ABOUT APATHY AND ALTRUISM

KITTY GENOVESE AND THE “38 WITNESSES”: This section, as well as the section at the end of the chapter about Kitty Genovese, benefited greatly from the time and input of Joseph De May Jr., who has created a repository of documentary evidence about the murder at www.kewgardenshistory.com. We are also indebted to many others who contributed their knowledge of the case in interviews or correspondence, including Andrew Blauner, Mike Hoffman, Jim Rasenberger, Charles Skoller, Jim Solomon, and Harold Takooshian. And we drew extensively from some of the many books and articles written about the murder, including: Martin Gansberg, “37 Who Saw Murder Didn’t Call the Police: Apathy at Stabbing of Queens Woman Shocks Inspector,” The New York Times, March 27, 1964; A.M. Rosenthal, Thirty-Eight Witnesses: The Kitty Genovese Case (Melville House, 2008; originally