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SHARK-ATTACK HYSTERIA: The Time magazine cover package appeared on July 30, 2001, and included Timothy Roche, “Saving Jessie Arbogast.” / 15 The definitive source for shark attack statistics is the International Shark Attack File, compiled by the Florida Museum of Natural History at the University of Florida. / 15 Elephant deaths: see People and Wildlife, Conflict or Co-existence, ed. Rosie Woodroffe, Simon Thirgood, and Alan Rabinowitz (Cambridge University Press, 2005). For more on elephants attacking humans, see Charles Siebert, “An Elephant Crackup?” The New York Times Magazine, October 8, 2006.

CHAPTER 1: HOW IS A STREET PROSTITUTE LIKE A DEPARTMENT-STORE SANTA?

MEET LASHEENA: She is one of the many street prostitutes who participated in Sudhir Venkatesh’s fieldwork, summarized in much further detail later in the chapter and contained in Steven D. Levitt and Sudhir Alladi Venkatesh, “An Empirical Analysis of Street-Level Prostitution,” working paper.

HARD TO BE A WOMAN: For historic life expectancy, see Vern Bullough and Cameron Campbell, “Female Longevity and Diet in the Middle Ages,” Speculum 55, no. 2 (April 1980). / 20 Executed as witches: see Emily Oster, “Witchcraft, Weather and Economic Growth in Renaissance Europe,” Journal of Economic Perspectives 18, no. 1 (Winter 2004). / 20 Breast ironing: see Randy Joe Sa’ah, “Cameroon Girls Battle ‘Breast Ironing,’” BBC News, June 23, 2006; as many as 26 percent of Cameroonian girls undergo the procedure, often by their mothers, upon reaching puberty. / 20 The plight of Chinese women: see the U.S. State Department’s “2007 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices” for long-term consequences of foot binding, see Steven Cummings, Xu Ling, and Katie Stone, “Consequences of Foot Binding Among Older Women in Beijing, China,” American Journal of Public Health 87, no. 10 (1997).

DRAMATIC IMPROVEMENT IN WOMEN’S LIVES: The advancement of women in higher education is derived from two reports by the U.S. Department of Education’s National Center for Education Statistics: 120 Years of American Education: A Statistical Portrait (1993); and Postsecondary Institutions in the United States: Fall 2007, Degrees and Other Awards Conferred: 2006–07, and 12-Month Enrollment: 2006–07 (2008). / 21 Even Ivy League women trail men in salaries: see Claudia Goldin and Lawrence F. Katz, “Transitions: Career and Family Lifecycles of the Educational Elite,” AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2008. / 21 Wage penalty for overweight women: see Dalton Conley and Rebecca Glauber, “Gender, Body Mass and Economic Status,” National Bureau of Economics Research working paper, May 2005. / 21 Women with bad teeth: see Sherry Glied and Matthew Neidell, “The Economic Value of Teeth,” NBER working paper, March 2008. / 21 The price of menstruation: see Andrea Ichino and Enrico Moretti, “Biological Gender Differences, Absenteeism and the Earnings Gap,” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 1, no. 1 (2009). / 22 Title IX creates jobs for women; men take them: see Betsey Stevenson, “Beyond the Classroom: Using Title IX to Measure the Return to High School Sports,” The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, June 2008; Linda Jean Carpenter and R. Vivian Acosta, “Women in Intercollegiate Sport: A Longitudinal, National Study Twenty-Seven-Year Update, 1977–2004” and Christina A. Cruz, Gender Games: Why Women Coaches Are Losing the Field (VDM Verlag, 2009). For the WNBA disparity, see Mike Terry, “Men Dominate WNBA Coaching Ranks,” The Los Angeles Times, August 2, 2006.

PREWAR PROSTITUTION: The section was drawn from a variety of archival sources and books, including: The Social Evil in Chicago (aka the Chicago Vice Commission report), American Vigilance Association, 1911; George Jackson Kneeland and Katharine Bement Davis, Commercialized Prostitution in New York City (The Century Co., 1913); Howard Brown Woolston, Prostitution in the United States, vol. 1, Prior to the Entrance of the United