The Airplane - Jay Spenser [141]
first reliable airframes, 63–64
first single wing all metal, 76
Henson Aerial Steam Carriage and, 15
Henson as early designer of, 2, 11–12
human being physically occupying, 173
inspiration drawn from natural world, 60–61
internal load-bearing skeleton of, 59
Junkers J 4 entirely metal, 74,–75
Langley launching model, 30–31 for mail, 262–64, 264 metal, 314n1
Northrop influential designer of, 78
partial internal skeleton in, 71–72
pursuit/fighter planes, 63
SPAD fighter series of, 64, 212
three axes of motion of, 152–53
turning, 152–53
visibility in, 178–79, 181–82
Wright 1902 Glider setting stage for, 111
Wright 1903 Flyer, first, 111
Wright 1905 Flyer, first reliable, 164, 166
airport runways, 188
air traffic control, 183, 289
air traffic management, 288–89
air-transport industry, 82
air travel
Boeing 747 redefining, 277
Boeing 787 Dreamliner changing, 280, 296
costs of, 278–79
industrial design elegance for, 274
Albatros D.Va, 72
Aldrin, Buzz, 52
algorithms, 286
Allen, Eddie, 137
altimeters, 185–87
Kollsman, 186–87, 284
radar, 284, 286
aluminum, 59
ambient air pressure, 187
American Airways/Airlines, 126, 267–68
angle of incidence, 154
anhedral, 99, 159
Antoinette
Monoplane of 1909, 49
engine of, 207
flight controls, 175
Antoinette Company, 48
Antonov An-225 Mriya, 252
Anzani, Alessandro, 216
Arado Ar 234
jet fighter, 232–33
Archdeacon, Ernest, 143, 146
Ariel, 12
Armstrong, Neil, 52
arrow feathers, 138
artificial horizon (attitude indicator), 184–85, 193
aspect ratio, of wings, 101
automobiles, 149
aviation, 2. See also commercial aviation
Brown visionary in US development of, 262
communications in, 293
configuration challenge to, 37–38
configuration variations in, 53–54
external bracing wires used in, 91
first fatality in, 170
“Fog Peril Overcome” for, 192
French exhibition in, 61–62
Germany’s leadership in, 120
Gnome rotary engine for, 209
Guggenheim Foundation revitalizing American, 179–80
Hempstead Plains, US cradle of, 177
Junkers entering, 114–15
metal the future of, 73–74
military intelligence using, 63
monocoque wooden fuselage in, 71
power not control the challenge of, 149
WW II changing, 195–96
Avitor Hermes Jr., 106
axial-flow compressor, 232
Baldwin, Frederick, 248
balloons, 2
Franco-Prussian War using, 38
technical prowess displayed by, 3–4
Balzer, Stephen M., 203
Baracca, Francesco, 64
bat accident, 27
Beall, Wellwood, 136–37
Béchereau, Louis, 64–65, 70
Beisel, Rex, 223
Bell, Alexander Graham, 94, 148, 168
Benoist Model XIV, 253–54
Benoist, Thomas, 243
Benz, Karl, 149
Benz Velo automobile, 202
Bernoulli, Daniel, 33
BFE. See buyer-furnished equipment
bicycles
spokes of, 11
Wright brothers pastime of, 28–29
biplanes
box kite inspired wings for, 96
flying boat, 244
high aerodynamic drag of, 112–13
open cockpits of, 212–13
sesquiplane as, 76
Voisin, G., building, 147
Voisin, G., fabric panels on, 166,–67
wings primary structure in, 97
wing structure, 41
wing struts/bracing wires of, 113–14
birds, 60–61
Hargrave, L., observing, 92–93
Lilienthal observing, 39
Rumpler Taube inspired by, 113
Wenham observing, 100
Wright brothers observing, 154
Birkigt, Marc, 211–12
blended wing-body (BWB), 308–9
Blériot, Alice, 50
Blériot, Louis, 47, 62, 86, 146, 149, 174, 207
as airplane manufacturer, 53
description of, 49–50
English Channel crossed by, 51–53, 52
SPAD company bought by, 69, 71
speed record set by, 50–51
Blériot XI, 53, 91, 174, 175
Blériot XII, 50
blind (instrument) flight, 181–82, 188
blinkers for Wright Flyers, 140
boat-hulled fuselage, 243, 243
Boeing 40A biplane, 263–64, 264, 266
Boeing 80A, 121
Boeing 200 Monomail, 80–81, 120–21
Boeing 247, 127
as first modern airliner, 80, 80–81, 121–22
fixed-pitch propellers delivered on, 226
instrument panel of, 192–93, 193
variable-pitch propellers on, 226
wing spars obstructing