The Box - Marc Levinson [178]
33. “Containers Widen Their World,” Business Week, January 7, 1967; Frank Broeze, The Globalisation of the Oceans: Containerisation from the 1950s to the Present (St. Johns, NF, 2002), p. 41.
34. Statement of Lester K. Kloss, A. T. Kearney & Co., in U.S. House of Representatives, Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee, Container Cargo Dimensions, November 16, 1967, p. 183; “Containerization Comes of Age”; comment by U.S. Navy Capt. D. G. Bryce, “MSTS Area Commanders’ Conference,” March 4–7, 1969, OAB/NHC, Command Histories, Box 193, Folder 2/1989, p. 137.
35. Press release, German Federal Railroad, July 26, 1967, in Penn Central Archives, 1810/B-1675/6.
36. Letter, J. R. Sullivan, New York Central, to H. W. Large, Vice President-Traffic, Pennsylvania Railroad, April 11, 1966, in Penn Central Archives, 1810/B-1675/8.
37. Aaron Cohen, “Report on Containerization in Export-Import Trade,” Traffic Executive Association-Eastern Railroads, April 20, 1966, in Penn Central Archives, 1810/B-1675/9. Charges for empty containers are discussed in statement of James A. Hoyt, Grace Line, to Traffic Executive Association Eastern Railroads, January 30, 1967, in Penn Central Archives, 1810/B-1675/10. On the Whirlpool proposal, see letter, Harold E. Bentsen, manager, international distribution, Whirlpool Corp., to B. P. O’Connor, director, international freight sales, New York Central Railroad, June 28, 1967 and letter, O’Connor to Bentsen, July 6, 1967, Penn Central Archives, 1810/B-1675/8; on Matson, see memo, D. L. Werby to W. R. Brooks, New York Central, July 20, 1967, Penn Central Archives, 1810/B-1675/10.
38. Letter, John A. Daily to J. R. Sullivan, New York Central, February 6, 1967, in Penn Central Archives, 1810/B-1675/10.
39. Kenneth Younger interview, December 16, 1991.
40. “A Railroader on Containerization,” Distribution Manager, October 1968; ICC, Transport Statistics.
Chapter 9
Vietnam
1. The formal decision to expand the war was communicated in National Security Action Memorandum No. 328, April 6, 1965.
2. Command History 1964, Military Assistance Command Vietnam (MACV), Record Group (RG) 472, NACP; Edward J. Marolda and Oscar P. Fitzgerald, The United States Navy and the Vietnam Conflict, vol. 2, From Military Assistance to Combat, 1959–1965 (Washington, DC, 1986), pp. 357–358; Sealift 1 5, no.6 (1965): 5.
3. Memorandum for the Commander in Chief, Pacific. Terms of reference for Honolulu conference, April 8, 1965, Historians Background Material Files, 1965, MACV, RG 472, NACP. Information on backups is in MACV Fact Sheet, June 19, 1965, Mission Council Action Memorandums, Historians Background Material Files 1965, MACV, RG 472, NACP.
4. Command History 1966, MACV, pp. 709–715, RG 472, NACP; “No Congestion at Saigon Port,” Vietnam Feature Service, Record 154933, VVA, Texas Tech University; Memorandum from W. S. Post Jr., Acting Commander, MSTS, to Secretary of Navy, Monthly Background Reports 1964–65, MSTS Command File, Box 895, OAB/NHC, Washington, DC; William D. Irvin, “Reminiscences of Rear Admiral William D. Irvin” (Annapolis, 1980), p. 634.
5. On the push system, see interview with Lt. Col. Dolan, transportation officer, 1st Logistics Command, by Maj. John F. Hummer, March 30, 1966, in Classified Organizational History Files, 1966, 1st Logistics Command, U.S. Army Pacific, RG 550, NACP. Quotation is from Joseph M. Heiser, Jr., A Soldier Supporting Soldiers (Washington, DC, 1991), p. 104.
6. Edwin B. Hooper, Mobility Support Endurance: A Story of Naval Operational Logistics in the Vietnam War, 1965–1968 (Washington, DC, 1972), p. 62; General Frank S. Besson Jr., speech to Council on World Affairs, Dallas, TX, May 7, 1968, in Oral History Program Former Commanders—Frank S. Besson, Jr., Historical Office, Headquarters, U.S. Army Materiel Command, 1986. James F. Warnock, Jr., “Recorded Recollections