The Box - Marc Levinson [181]
25. Frank B. Case, “Contingencies, Container Ships, and Lighterage,” Army Logistician 2, no. 2 (1970): 16–22. On containerization of ammunition, see “Operation TOCSA: A Containerization First!” Army Logistician 2, no. 5 (1970): 14, and Sealift, April 1970, pp. 14–16; Besson testimony, August 4, 1970, p. 47.
26. Military Prime Contract Files, July 1, 1965-June 30, 1973, Records of the Office of the Secretary of Defense, RG 330, NACP. On competitive bidding, see Ramage, “Reminiscences,” pp. 540–542. Sea-Land’s revenues are reported in ICC, Transport Statistics, Part 5: Carriers by Water, Table 4.
27. Katims interview, COHP; author’s interview with William P. Hub-bardjulyl, 1993.
28. MSTS Area Commanders Conference, March 1968, pp. 63, 92, 96; Review and Analysis, March 1968, Command History, 1st Logistical Command, RG 472, NACP.
29. Memorandum from C. F. Pfeifer, Inspector General, on Asia trip October 8–18, 1967, Command Histories, MSTS, OAB/NHC; Classified Organizational History Files for the Quarter Ending April 30, 1968, 1st Logistical Command, Records of U.S. Army Pacific, RG 550, NACP.
30. Jane’s Freight Containers, p. 309.
31. Jane’s Freight Containers, 1969–70 (New York, 1969), pp. 179–180; Mark Rosenstein, “The Rise of Maritime Containerization in the Port of Oakland, 1950 to 1970” (M.A. thesis, New York University, 2000), p. 95; memo, H. E. Anderson, Traffic Manager, Pacific Command, October 30, 1968, General Records, Assistant Chief of Staff for Logistics, MACV, RG 472, NACP.
32. Worden, Cargoes, pp. 150–153; Harlander interview, COHP.
33. Scott Morrison interview, COHP; “Sea-Land Keeps Port Schedule,” Baltimore Sun, March 18, 1968; Boylston interview, COHP; Rosenstein, “The Rise of Maritime Containerization,” p. 96.
34. Marad, Office of Maritime Promotion, “Cargo Data,” March 11, 1969.
Chapter 10
Ports in a Storm
1. Thomas B. Crowley, “Crowley Maritime Corporation: San Francisco Bay Tugboats to International Transportation Fleet,” interview by Miriam Feingold Stein (Berkeley, 1983), p. 33.
2. Census Bureau, Historical Statistics, Q495–496, p. 757; Roger H. Gilman, “The Port, a Focal Point,” Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, 1958, p. 365.
3. Gilman, “The Port, a Focal Point” originally presented in 1956, should be seen as a call for just such involvement by government agencies; Gilman was director of port planning for PNYA.
4. U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract 1951, pp. 590–591.
5. Seattle Port Commission, Shipping Statistics Handbook (1963); Erie, Globalizing L.A., p. 80.
6. Fitzgerald, “A History of Containerization,” pp. 48, 91–93.
7. Booz-Allen & Hamilton, “General Administrative Survey, Port of Seattle,” January 20, 1958, pp. VI-1-VI-12; Seattle Port Commission, “Report of the Marine Terminal Task Force to the Citizens’ Port Commission,” October 1, 1959, pp. 7, 12, 34; Burke, A History of the Port of Seattle, pp. 114–117; Foster and Marshall Inc., “Port of Seattle, Washington, $7,500,000 General Obligation Bonds,” May 4, 1961.
8. Erie, Globalizing L.A., pp. 80–88.
9. Woodruff Minor, Pacific Gateway: An Illustrated History of the Port of Oakland (Oakland, 2000), p. 45; Port of Oakland, “Port of Oakland,” 1957; Ben E. Nutter, “The Port of Oakland: Modernization and Expansion of Shipping, Airport, and Real Estate Operations, 1957–1977,” interview by Ann Lage, 1991 (Berkeley, 1994), pp. 51, 84, 139; Rosenstein, “The Rise of Maritime Containerization,” p. 45.
10. George Home, “Intercoastal Trade,” NYT, January 29, 1961; Nutter, “The Port of Oakland,” pp. 78–79. American-Hawaiian never received the government subsidies it sought to finance its ships.
11. Rosenstein, “The Rise of Maritime Containerization,” pp. 47, 69; Nutter, “The Port of Oakland,” pp. 79–80; Port of Oakland, “60 Years: A Chronicle of Progress,” 1987, pp. 17–18.
12. Erie, Globalizing L.A., p. 89; Walter Hamshar, “Must U.S. Approve All Pier Leases,” Herald Tribune,