The Case for a Creator - Lee Strobel [175]
26. For a more detailed critique of this theory, see Hubert P. Yockey, “Self-Organization, Origin of Life Scenarios, and Information Theory, Journal of Theoretical Biology 91 (1981), 13–31, and Stephen C. Meyer, “DNA and the Origin of Life: Information, Specification, and Explanation,” in John Angus Campbell and Stephen C. Meyer, editors, Darwinism, Design, and Public Education (Lansing, Mich.: Michigan State Univ. Press, 2003), 252–55.
27. Robert Shapiro, Origins: A Skeptic’s Guide to the Creation of Life on Earth, 188.
28. Francis Crick, Life Itself, 88.
29. Robert Shapiro, Origins: A Skeptic’s Guide to the Creation of Life on Earth, 189.
30. See: J. W. Valentine et al., “Fossils, Molecules, and Embryos: New Perspectives on the Cambrian Explosion,” Development 126 (1999).
31. See: Chi Lili, “Traditional Theory of Evolution Challenged,” Beijing Review (March 31–April 6, 1997).
32. John F. McDonald, “The Molecular Basis of Adaptation: A Critical Review of Relevant Ideas and Observations,” Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 14 (1983).
33. See: Stuart Kauffman, At Home in the Universe (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995).
34. Michael Denton, Evolution: A Theory in Crisis, 330.
Chapter 10: The Evidence of Consciousness: The Enigma of the Mind
1. Michael Ruse, Can a Darwinian Be a Christian? (Cambridge: Oxford University Press, 2001), 73.
2. Ray Kurzweil, “The Evolution of Mind in the Twenty-First Century,” in Jay W. Richards, editor, Are We Spiritual Machines? (Seattle: Discovery Institute, 2002), 12, 29, 44–45, (emphasis added).
3. Thomas Huxley, “Mr. Darwin’s Critics,” Contemporary Review (November 1871).
4. Edward O. Wilson, Consilience (New York: Vintage, 1998), 132.
5. “Do Brains Make Minds?” on the television program Closer to Truth, first aired October 2000.
6. John Searle, “I Married a Computer,” in Jay W. Richards, editor, Are We Spiritual Machines? 76.
7. “Do Brains Make Minds?” on Closer to Truth.
8. Quoted in World magazine (July/August 2002).
9. Wilder Penfield, The Mystery of the Mind (Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1975), xiii.
10. Lee Edward Travis, “Response,” in Arthur C. Custance, The Mysterious Matter of Mind (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan; and Richardson, Texas: Probe Ministries, 1980), 95–96.
11. Wilder Penfield, The Mystery of the Mind, 79.
12. Ibid., 85.
13. The British Medical Journal (March 15, 1952), quoted in Arthur C. Custance, The Mysterious Matter of Mind, 51.
14. Karl R. Popper and John C. Eccles, The Self and Its Brain (New York: Springer-Verlag, 1977), 558.
15. Ibid., 559–60.
16. John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion, 1536, quoted in J. P. Moreland, Scaling the Secular City (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker, 1987), 77.
17. There are two major species of dualism: substance dualism and property/event dualism. For a brief description of the distinctions between the two, see Gary R. Habermas and J. P. Moreland, Beyond Death (Wheaton: Crossway, 1998), 37–66. For purposes of this chapter, the term “dualism” refers to substance dualism.
18. “What Is Consciousness?” on the television program Closer to Truth, first aired June 2000.
19. See: S. Parnia, D.G. Waller, R. Yeates, and P. Fenwick, “A Qualitative and Quantitative Study of the Incidence, Features and Aetiology of Near-Death Experience in Cardiac Arrest Survivors,” Resuscitation (February 2001).
20. Sarah Tippit, “Scientist Says Mind Continues After Brain Dies,” Reuters (June 29, 2001).
21. Sam Parnia, “Near Death Experiences in Cardiac Arrest and the Mystery of Consciousness,” available at www.datadiwan.de/SciMedNet/library/articlesN75+/N76Parnia_nde.htm (accessed June 13, 2003).
22. Ibid.
23. Sarah Tippit, “Scientist Says Mind Continues After Brain Dies.”
24. For a discussion, see Gary R. Habermas and J. P. Moreland, Beyond Death, 155–218, and Patrick Glynn, God: The Evidence (Rocklin, Calif.: Forum, 1997), 99–137.
25. “What Is Consciousness?” on Closer to Truth.
26. Antonio R. Damasio, “How the Brain Creates the Mind,” Scientific American (December 1999).