The Chinese in America - Iris Chang [209]
55 close to fifty thousand: John Hoyt Williams, A Great and Shining Road: The Epic Story of the Transcontinental Railroad (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1989), p. 95.
55 hired fifty Chinese anyway: Tzu-Kuei Yen, p. 33.
56 “I will not boss Chinese!”: Thomas W. Chinn, H. Mark Lai, and Philip P. Choy, eds., A History of the Chinese in California: A Syllabus (San Francisco: Chinese Historical Society of America, 1969), p. 44.
56 four feet ten ... and weighed 120 pounds: Stephen E. Ambrose, Nothing Like It in the World (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000), p. 150.
56 race of people who had built the Great Wall of China: John Hoyt Williams, pp. 96-97; Lynne Rhodes Mayer and Kenneth E. Vose, Makin’ Tracks: The Story of the Transcontinental Railroad in the Pictures and Words of the Men Who Were There (New York: Praeger, 1975), p. 27.
56 “quiet, peaceable, patient”: Southern Pacific Relations Memorandum, The Chinese Role in Building the Central Pacific, January 3, 1966. Also Charles Nordhoff, California, A Book for Travelers and Settlers (New York, 1873), pp. 189-90. Both cited in Thomas W. Chinn, H. Mark Lai, and Philip P. Choy, p. 45.
56 “dregs” of Asia: Tzu-Kuei Yen, pp. 40-42.
56 “I like the idea”: William Deverell, Railroad Crossing: Californians and the Railroad, 1850-1910 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994), p. 15. Also Stephen E. Ambrose, p. 243.
57 Central Pacific recruitment tactics: David Haward Bain, Empire Express, p. 331. Charlie Crocker hired a Chinese artist to engrave the recruitment information onto woodblocks and printed 5,000 handbills, which were posted in China and California.
57 “inherent and inalienable right of man”: Erika Lee, “Enforcing and Challenging Exclusion in San Francisco: U.S. Immigration Officials and Chinese Immigrants, 1882-1902,” Chinese America: History and Perspectives 1997 (Brisbane, Calif.: Chinese Historical Society of America, 1997), p. 3.
57 transported by riverboat to Sacramento: Stephen E. Ambrose, p. 161.
57 organized into teams of about a dozen: David Haward Bain, p. 221.
57 foreman: Thomas W. Chinn, H. Mark Lai, and Philip P. Choy, p. 44.
57 special ingredients like cuttlefish: Lynne Rhodes Mayer and Kenneth E. Vose, Makin’ Tracks, p. 32.
57 slept in tents: Thomas W. Chinn, H. Mark Lai, and Philip P. Choy, p. 45.
57 employ more than ten thousand Chinese men: Sucheng Chan, Asian Americans: An Interpretative History (New York: Twayne Publishers, 1991) p. 30.
57 “persecuted not for their vices”: Stephen E. Ambrose, p. 153.
58 “always outmeasured the Cornish miners”: Charlie Crocker’s testimony, November 25, 1876. Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley. Crocker also said of the Chinese, “They are very trusty; and they are very intelligent, and they live up to their contracts.”
58 “I think we were paying $35 a month and board to white laborers”: cited in David Haward Bain, p. 222.
58 “damned nagurs”: David Haward Bain, p. 222.
58 driving the Chinese off the job: Tzu-Kuei Yen, p. 36.
58 ten barrels of gunpowder: John Hoyt Williams, p. 115.
59 handheld drills: Neill C. Wilson and Frank J. Taylor, Southern Pacific: The Roaring Story of a Fighting Railroad (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1952), p. 18.
59 porphyritic rock: John Hoyt Williams, p. 115.
59 seven inches a day: Ibid.; Lynne Rhodes Mayer and Kenneth E. Vose, p. 40.
59 a million dollars for each mile of tunnel: Tzu-Kuei Yen, p. 126.
59 several shifts of men: Tzu-Kuei Yen, p. 129; Neill C. Wilson and Frank J. Taylor, p. 19.
59 nitroglycerin: Neill C. Wilson and Frank J. Taylor, p. 18. Also, John Hoyt Williams, p. 133.
59 an ancient method used to create fortresses: Stephen E. Ambrose, p. 156.
60 salt beef, potatoes, bread: Lynne Rhodes Mayer and Kenneth E. Vose, p. 32.
60 fresh boiled tea: Ping Chiu, Chinese Labor in California, 1850-1880: An Economic Study (Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin for the Department of History, University of Wisconsin, 1963), p. 49; Lynne Rhodes Mayer and Kenneth E. Vose, p. 32.
60 “not having acquired the taste of whiskey