The Chinese in America - Iris Chang [208]
46 Information on “little China” in San Francisco: Christopher Lee Yip, “San Francisco’s Chinatown: An Architectural and Urban History,” Ph.D. dissertation in architecture, University of California at Berkeley, 1985, pp. 85, 90-94; Chin-Yu Chen, “San Francisco’s Chinatown: A Socio-Economic and Cultural History, 1850-1882,” Ph.D. dissertation in history, University of Idaho, 1992, p. 27; Curt Gentry, The Madams of San Francisco, p. 55.
47 more than 2,716 new immigrants: Chin-Yu Chen, p. 29.
47 by 1852 the number had jumped to more than twenty thousand: Ibid., p. 29.
47 gathering of some three hundred Chinese: San Francisco Daily Alta California, December 10, 1849.
48 Description of Chinese restaurants: Christopher Lee Yip, pp. 144-46; Otis Gibson, The Chinese in America, pp. 70-71; Chin-Yu Chen, p. 95.
48 “The best eating houses”: William Shaw, Golden Dreams and Waking Realities (1851), as cited in Jack Chen, The Chinese of America, p. 57.
48 chop suey: National Public Radio, All Things Considered transcript 2320-9, August 29, 1996; Robert Cross, “Chop Suey: Alive and Selling Well in American Restaurants; Beginnings of the Cuisine Lost, but Popularity Remains High,” Chicago Tribune, February 11, 1988.
49 twelve dollars for a dozen shirts: Jack Chen, p. 58.
49 four months: Ibid., p. 58.
49 Wah Lee: Paul Siu, The Chinese Laundryman: A Study in Social Isolation (New York: New York University Press, 1987), p. 46.
49 curio stores: J. D. Borthwick, Three Years in California (Oakland, Calif.: Biobooks, 1948), p. 61, as cited in Chin-Yu Chen, pp. 28-29.
49 “mere shells”: San Francisco Daily Alta California, November 22, 1853, as cited in Christopher Lee Yip, p. 86.
49 $200 a month: The Oriental, as cited in Chin-Yu Chen, p. 28.
50 Gold Hills News: Gold Hills News, May 4, 1868, in Chin-Yu Chen, pp. 28, 41.
50 “It is a little singular”: Edward C. Kemble, A History of California Newspapers 1846-1858. Reprinted from the Supplement to the Sacramento Union of December 25, 1858 (Los Gatos, Calif.: Talisman Press, 1962), p. 161.
50 from a prefabricated kit: L. Rodecap, “Celestial Drama in the Golden Hills,” California Historical Quarterly, 23:2 (June 1944), p. 101, as cited in Christopher Lee Yip, p. 149.
50 “two or three months are generally consumed”: Otis Gibson, The Chinese in America, pp. 78-79.
51 prominent place in the memorial procession: Theodore Hittel, History of California, Vol. 4 (San Francisco: N. J. Stone, 1898), pp. 98-99, as cited in Charles J. McClain, “California’s First Anti-Chinese Laws,” Chinese America: History and Perspectives 1995, p. 88.
51 Mayor John Geary: San Francisco Daily Alta California, May 12, 1851, p. 2.
51 “China Boys will yet vote at the same polls”: San Francisco Daily Alta California, May 12, 1851, as cited in Victor Low, The Unimpressible Race: A Century of Educational Struggle by the Chinese in San Francisco (San Francisco, California: East/West Publishing Company, 1982), p. 2.
51 “Many have already adopted your religion as their own”: Mary Roberts Coolidge, Chinese Immigration (New York: Henry Holt, 1909), p. 55. Also in Victor Low, p. 2.
51 “morally a far worse class”: San Francisco Daily Alta California, May 21, 1853, p. 2, as cited in Victor Low, pp. 2-3. Also in H. Brett Melendy, Chinese and Japanese Americans, p. 30.
52 “How long, sir”: Qingsong Zhang, Ph.D. dissertation, 1994, p. 46.
Chapter Five. Building the Transcontinental Railroad
55 Eight hundred laborers: Tzu-Kuei Yen, “Chinese Workers and the First Transcontinental Railroad of the United States of America,” Ph.D. dissertation, St. John’s University, 1976, p. 34.
55 “unsteady men, unreliable”: David Haward Bain, Empire Express: Building the First Transcontinental Railroad (New York: Viking, 1999),