The Chinese in America - Iris Chang [216]
100 first manufacturer in American history: Andrew Gyory, p. 60.
101 “A large and hostile crowd”: The Nation, June 23, 1870, p. 397.
101 “No scabs or rats admitted here”: Andrew Gyory, p. 41.
101 “there can be nowhere a busier, more orderly group of workmen”: Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, December 1870, p. 138, as cited in Ronald Takaki, Strangers from a Different Shore, p. 98.
101 “labored regularly and constantly”: William Shanks, “Chinese Skilled Labor,” Scrihner’s Monthly, Vol. 2, September 1871, pp. 495-96, as cited in Ronald Takaki, p. 98.
101 Information on James B. Hervey: Ronald Takaki, p. 99; Gunther Barth, pp. 203-6; Renqiu Yu, To Save China, to Save Ourselves: The Chinese Hand Laundry Alliance of New York (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1992), pp. 9-10. Arthur Bonner, Alas! What Brought Thee Hither? The Chinese in New York 1800-1950 (Cranbury, N.J.: Associated University Presses, 1997), pp. 26-27, 30-32.
101 “shows a manifest attempt to revive the institution of slavery”: Roger Daniels, Asian America: Chinese and Japanese in the United States Since 1850 (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1988), p. 42.
102 10 percent wage reduction: Ronald Takaki, p. 98.
102 “more and more like their white neighbors”: Renqiu Yu, p. 9.
102 discharged all of them: Arthur Bonner, p. 32.
102 peddling and candy making: John Kuo Wei Tchen, New York Before Chinatown, pp. 77, 81, 227, 233-35.
102 748 Chinese lived in Manhattan: Ibid., p. 225.
102 two thousand Chinese laundries: Renqiu Yu, p. 8.
103 five Chinese youths: Thomas E. LaFargue, China’s First Hundred: Educated Mission Students in the United States 1872-1881 (Pullman: Washington State University Press, 1987), p. 166.
103 Ah Lum: Carl T. Smith, “Commissioner Lin’s Translators,” Chung Chi Bulletin, no. 42, June 1967.
103 Information on Yung Wing: Yung Wing, My Life in China and America (New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1909); Jack Chen, The Chinese of America, pp. 177-78.
103 “foreign intercourse with China”: Yung Wing, p. 2.
104 “I wanted the utmost freedom of action”: Yung Wing, p. 35.
104 “Knowledge is power”: Yung Wing, p. 50.
105 decapitation of seventy-five thousand people: Jack Chen, p. 16.
105 “If I were allowed to practice my profession”: Yung Wing, p. 60.
106 “the best time to serve their homeland”: Timothy Kao, “Yung Wing (1828-1912): The First Chinese Graduate from an American University.” Paper presented during “Chinese Pioneer Scholars in the Nineteenth-Century U.S.: A Little-Known Aspect of the Chinese Diaspora” conference, Yale University, September 21, 1998, p. 2.
106 adapting to New England life: Ibid., p. 4.
106 played American sports: Ibid., p. 3.
107 Information on Tang Guoan, Tang Shaoyi, and Zhan Tianyou: Ibid., p. 6.
109 Lue Gim Gong: Ruthanne Lum McCunn, Chinese American Portraits: Personal Histories 1828-1988 (San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 1988), pp. 33-39; Ruthanne Lum McCunn, “Lue Gim Gong: A Life Reclaimed,” Chinese America: History and Perspectives 1989, pp. 117-35.
110 “With few or no Chinese women available”: Lucy M. Cohen, Chinese in the Post-Civil War South, p. 176.
110 outnumbered Irish male arrivals two to one: Roger Daniels, Coming to America, p. 142.
110 Harper’s Weekly: Harper’s Weekly, October 3, 1857, as cited in Gunther Barth, p. 210.
110 most owners of Chinese boarding houses were married to either Irish or German women: New York Times, June 20, 1859.
111 “handsome but squalidly dressed young white girl”: New York Times, December 26, 1873, as cited in Ronald Takaki, p. 101.
111 Edward Harrigan: John Kuo Wei Tchen, New York Before Chinatown, pp. 127, 219-20. Original citation: Edward Harrigan papers, Manuscripts and Archives section, New York Public Library.
111 Store windows: John Kuo Wei Tchen, New York Before Chinatown, p. 128.
111 Yankee Notions: Yankee Notions, March 1858, as cited in John Kuo Wei Tchen, New York Before Chinatown, p. 124-27.
111 even “whiter” than most of their neighbors: New York World, January 30, 1877, as cited in John